See yabïŕ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "yavuz"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "yauz"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "yavuz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "stern, tough",
"word": "yavuz"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "yavuz",
"word": "یاوز"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "yavuz",
"word": "یَاوُزْ"
}
],
"lang": "West Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "ýowuz"
}
],
"lang": "East Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "yawuz",
"word": "ياۋۇز"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "yovuz"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "yawuz",
"sense": "bad, vile",
"word": "یاووز"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "yafuz, yawuz",
"word": "یَڤُزْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "yawız",
"word": "яуыз"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "vicious, savage.",
"word": "yavuz"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "ǰabïs",
"sense": "bad",
"word": "јабыс"
}
],
"lang": "East Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jauyz",
"sense": "vicious",
"word": "жауыз"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "yabïz",
"word": "𐰖𐰉𐰔"
},
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"word": "yavïz"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "yaman"
},
"expansion": "Turkish yaman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*yaman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yaman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ŕ",
"alt2": "*-ïŕ"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ïŕ",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown origin. Most of linguistics have been divided to different opinions.\nAccording to Bang-Kaup, the word derived from the unknown hypothetical verb root *yab- and *yam-. And he thinks the word is related to *yablak. The reconstruction of *yam- probably comes from the unknown relationship to *yaman (“bad”) (cf. Turkish yaman). At this point, Proto-Turkic *yaman should be a later form of *yabman, since if it is related to *yabïz and *yablak.\nVámbéry derives the word from the noun roots *yam, yaw and yab; which all they mean foreign, void, vain, bad; and reconstructs as *yabïs. But he doesn't know which suffix has the word equipped.\nRäsänen, proposes a derivation from the noun *yabï, *yabu. Which means bad, grabber and greedy. But he doesn't describe which suffix has the word equipped, like Vámbéry.\nClauson derives it as *yab- like Bang-Kaup, but he thinks the word has an additional + *-ïŕ suffix. It seems the suffix *-ïŕ creates a new noun from verbs, as in *söŕ and *tïgïŕ.\nDankoff and Kelly derives it from *yaw which means bad, weak.\nAlso the evolution is *yab(ï)- > yabïz > yavız according to Nishanyan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*yabïŕ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yabïŕ",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ŕ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad (?)"
],
"id": "en-yabïŕ-trk-pro-adj-ksPPQg8Q",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "unpleasant",
"translation": "unpleasant",
"word": "yabgan"
},
{
"english": "bad",
"translation": "bad",
"word": "yablak"
},
{
"english": "to make mistake",
"translation": "to make mistake",
"word": "yabral-"
},
{
"english": "newborn animal or child; child",
"translation": "newborn animal or child; child",
"word": "yabrïg"
},
{
"word": "yabïnč"
},
{
"alt": "If from earlier *yabman",
"english": "bad, wicked; sickness",
"translation": "bad, wicked; sickness",
"word": "yaman <"
},
{
"english": "to be ashamed, embarrassed",
"translation": "to be ashamed, embarrassed",
"word": "yačan-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yabïŕ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "yavuz"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "yauz"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "yavuz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "stern, tough",
"word": "yavuz"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "yavuz",
"word": "یاوز"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat",
"roman": "yavuz",
"word": "یَاوُزْ"
}
],
"lang": "West Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "ýowuz"
}
],
"lang": "East Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "yawuz",
"word": "ياۋۇز"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "yovuz"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "yawuz",
"sense": "bad, vile",
"word": "یاووز"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"roman": "yafuz, yawuz",
"word": "یَڤُزْ"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "yawız",
"word": "яуыз"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "vicious, savage.",
"word": "yavuz"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "ǰabïs",
"sense": "bad",
"word": "јабыс"
}
],
"lang": "East Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jauyz",
"sense": "vicious",
"word": "жауыз"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "yabïz",
"word": "𐰖𐰉𐰔"
},
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"word": "yavïz"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "yaman"
},
"expansion": "Turkish yaman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*yaman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yaman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ŕ",
"alt2": "*-ïŕ"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ïŕ",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown origin. Most of linguistics have been divided to different opinions.\nAccording to Bang-Kaup, the word derived from the unknown hypothetical verb root *yab- and *yam-. And he thinks the word is related to *yablak. The reconstruction of *yam- probably comes from the unknown relationship to *yaman (“bad”) (cf. Turkish yaman). At this point, Proto-Turkic *yaman should be a later form of *yabman, since if it is related to *yabïz and *yablak.\nVámbéry derives the word from the noun roots *yam, yaw and yab; which all they mean foreign, void, vain, bad; and reconstructs as *yabïs. But he doesn't know which suffix has the word equipped.\nRäsänen, proposes a derivation from the noun *yabï, *yabu. Which means bad, grabber and greedy. But he doesn't describe which suffix has the word equipped, like Vámbéry.\nClauson derives it as *yab- like Bang-Kaup, but he thinks the word has an additional + *-ïŕ suffix. It seems the suffix *-ïŕ creates a new noun from verbs, as in *söŕ and *tïgïŕ.\nDankoff and Kelly derives it from *yaw which means bad, weak.\nAlso the evolution is *yab(ï)- > yabïz > yavız according to Nishanyan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*yabïŕ",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yabïŕ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"english": "unpleasant",
"translation": "unpleasant",
"word": "yabgan"
},
{
"english": "bad",
"translation": "bad",
"word": "yablak"
},
{
"english": "to make mistake",
"translation": "to make mistake",
"word": "yabral-"
},
{
"english": "newborn animal or child; child",
"translation": "newborn animal or child; child",
"word": "yabrïg"
},
{
"word": "yabïnč"
},
{
"alt": "If from earlier *yabman",
"english": "bad, wicked; sickness",
"translation": "bad, wicked; sickness",
"word": "yaman <"
},
{
"english": "to be ashamed, embarrassed",
"translation": "to be ashamed, embarrassed",
"word": "yačan-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic adjectives",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ŕ",
"Proto-Turkic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms"
],
"glosses": [
"bad (?)"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "yabïŕ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for yabïŕ meaning in Proto-Turkic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.