See tumšuk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طومشوق",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumşuk"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "beak of large birds"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "snout"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تۇمشۇق",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tumshuq",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "томшоҡ",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "томшык",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тұмсық",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "тумшук",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тумчук",
"t": "nose, beak"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽿𐽳𐽲",
"t": "nose, beak",
"ts": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽿𐽳𐽲 (twmšwq /tumšuq/, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽿𐽳𐽲 (twmšwq /tumšuq/, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тумус",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "думчук",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai::"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kumandy: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuu-Kizhi: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тумзух",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tam-<t:to drip>",
"3": "*-ïlč<t:reciprocity suffix>",
"4": "*-k<t:deverbal suffix>"
},
"expansion": "*tam- (“to drip”) + -*-ïlč (“reciprocity suffix”) + *-k (“deverbal suffix”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹",
"t": "remedy for nose bleeding, epistaxis",
"tr": "kan tomurmakḳa em"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹 (kan tomurmakḳa em, “remedy for nose bleeding, epistaxis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرماق",
"alt": "تُمُرْماقْ",
"t": "to bleed (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurmāq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرغان",
"alt": "تَمُرْغانْ",
"t": "bleeding continuously (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurğān"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tom-",
"t": "chief, first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*tumŋu-",
"t": "top of head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*tum-",
"t": "top, head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "頭",
"2": "つぶり"
},
"expansion": "頭(つぶり) (tsuburi)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Clauson, from *tam- (“to drip”) + -*-ïlč (“reciprocity suffix”) + *-k (“deverbal suffix”).\nIn another entry, he gives two cognates of this would-be deverbal form: Old Uyghur 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹 (kan tomurmakḳa em, “remedy for nose bleeding, epistaxis”) and Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”), also Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”), relevant to the assumed semantic shift of make-dripping thing > bleeding (of nose) > nose (and also beak).\nEDAL, instead, proposes a different root with quite a semantic coverage, Proto-Turkic *tum- (\"hat, cap; snout; beak; nose) which is then compared to Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”), Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”) and Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”). Notwithstanding several etymological mistakes (see Japanese 頭(つぶり) (tsuburi), for example, which is claimed as a \"cognate\"), Altaic Hypothesis is now widely discredited and its comparisons are deemed unreliable.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tumšuk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tumšuk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"nose"
],
"id": "en-tumšuk-trk-pro-noun-134iEj5k",
"links": [
[
"nose",
"nose"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*burun"
},
{
"word": "*kaŋïr"
},
{
"word": "*tāna"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-k",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with -*-ïlč",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beak (of birds)"
],
"id": "en-tumšuk-trk-pro-noun-m8oXEX5N",
"links": [
[
"beak",
"beak"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Turkic_language"
],
"word": "tumšuk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-k",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with -*-ïlč",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طومشوق",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumşuk"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "beak of large birds"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "snout"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تۇمشۇق",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tumshuq",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "томшоҡ",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "томшык",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тұмсық",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "тумшук",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тумчук",
"t": "nose, beak"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽿𐽳𐽲",
"t": "nose, beak",
"ts": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽿𐽳𐽲 (twmšwq /tumšuq/, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽿𐽳𐽲 (twmšwq /tumšuq/, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тумус",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "думчук",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai::"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kumandy: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuu-Kizhi: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тумзух",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tam-<t:to drip>",
"3": "*-ïlč<t:reciprocity suffix>",
"4": "*-k<t:deverbal suffix>"
},
"expansion": "*tam- (“to drip”) + -*-ïlč (“reciprocity suffix”) + *-k (“deverbal suffix”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹",
"t": "remedy for nose bleeding, epistaxis",
"tr": "kan tomurmakḳa em"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹 (kan tomurmakḳa em, “remedy for nose bleeding, epistaxis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرماق",
"alt": "تُمُرْماقْ",
"t": "to bleed (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurmāq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرغان",
"alt": "تَمُرْغانْ",
"t": "bleeding continuously (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurğān"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tom-",
"t": "chief, first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*tumŋu-",
"t": "top of head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*tum-",
"t": "top, head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "頭",
"2": "つぶり"
},
"expansion": "頭(つぶり) (tsuburi)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Clauson, from *tam- (“to drip”) + -*-ïlč (“reciprocity suffix”) + *-k (“deverbal suffix”).\nIn another entry, he gives two cognates of this would-be deverbal form: Old Uyghur 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽹 (kan tomurmakḳa em, “remedy for nose bleeding, epistaxis”) and Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”), also Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”), relevant to the assumed semantic shift of make-dripping thing > bleeding (of nose) > nose (and also beak).\nEDAL, instead, proposes a different root with quite a semantic coverage, Proto-Turkic *tum- (\"hat, cap; snout; beak; nose) which is then compared to Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”), Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”) and Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”). Notwithstanding several etymological mistakes (see Japanese 頭(つぶり) (tsuburi), for example, which is claimed as a \"cognate\"), Altaic Hypothesis is now widely discredited and its comparisons are deemed unreliable.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tumšuk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tumšuk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"nose"
],
"links": [
[
"nose",
"nose"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*burun"
},
{
"word": "*kaŋïr"
},
{
"word": "*tāna"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beak (of birds)"
],
"links": [
[
"beak",
"beak"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Turkic_language"
],
"word": "tumšuk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tumšuk meaning in Proto-Turkic (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.