See tumšuk on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طومشوق",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumşuk"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "beak of large birds"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "snout"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تۇمشۇق",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tumshuq",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "томшоҡ",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "томшык",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тұмсық",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "тумшук",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тумчук",
"t": "nose, beak"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"t": "nose, beak",
"tr": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tumšuq, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tumšuq, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тумус",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "думчук",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai::"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kumandy: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuu-Kizhi: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тумзух",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"t": "nose bleeding",
"tr": "kan tomurmakka"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur [script needed] (kan tomurmakka, “nose bleeding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرماق",
"alt": "تُمُرْماقْ",
"t": "to bleed (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurmāq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرغان",
"alt": "تَمُرْغانْ",
"t": "bleeding continuously (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurğān"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tom-",
"t": "chief, first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*tumŋu-",
"t": "top of head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*tum-",
"t": "top, head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "頭",
"2": "つぶり"
},
"expansion": "頭(つぶり) (tsuburi)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clauson derives this lemma from the \"causative form\" of *tam- (“to drip”), which would yield *tamur-. In another entry (page 509)https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict0000clau/page/509, he gives two reflexes of this would-be causative verb, which would be cognates to this Proto-Turkic term; Old Uyghur [script needed] (kan tomurmakka, “nose bleeding”) and Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”), also Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”).\nEDAL, instead, proposes a different root with quite a semantic coverage, Proto-Turkic *tum- (\"hat, cap; snout; beak; nose) which is then compared to Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”), Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”) and Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”). Notwithstanding several etymological mistakes (see Japanese 頭(つぶり) (tsuburi), for example, which is claimed as a \"cognate\"), Altaic Hypothesis is now widely discredited and its comparisons are deemed unreliable.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tumšuk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tumšuk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"nose"
],
"id": "en-tumšuk-trk-pro-noun-134iEj5k",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*burun"
},
{
"word": "*kaŋïr"
},
{
"word": "*tāna"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beak"
],
"id": "en-tumšuk-trk-pro-noun-1lYgdD52",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Turkic_language"
],
"word": "tumšuk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طومشوق",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumşuk"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "beak of large birds"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "tumşuk",
"t": "snout"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "",
"t": "beak",
"tr": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "تۇمشۇق",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "tumshuq",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "томшоҡ",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "томшык",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тұмсық",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "тумшук",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тумчук",
"t": "nose, beak"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"t": "nose, beak",
"tr": "tumšuq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tumšuq, “nose, beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tumšuq, “nose, beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тумус",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "думчук",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai::"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kumandy: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kuu-Kizhi: тунчук (tunčuk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "тумзух",
"t": "nose"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"t": "nose bleeding",
"tr": "kan tomurmakka"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur [script needed] (kan tomurmakka, “nose bleeding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرماق",
"alt": "تُمُرْماقْ",
"t": "to bleed (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurmāq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تمرغان",
"alt": "تَمُرْغانْ",
"t": "bleeding continuously (of nose)",
"tr": "tamurğān"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tom-",
"t": "chief, first"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*tumŋu-",
"t": "top of head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "*tum-",
"t": "top, head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "頭",
"2": "つぶり"
},
"expansion": "頭(つぶり) (tsuburi)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clauson derives this lemma from the \"causative form\" of *tam- (“to drip”), which would yield *tamur-. In another entry (page 509)https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict0000clau/page/509, he gives two reflexes of this would-be causative verb, which would be cognates to this Proto-Turkic term; Old Uyghur [script needed] (kan tomurmakka, “nose bleeding”) and Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”), also Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”).\nEDAL, instead, proposes a different root with quite a semantic coverage, Proto-Turkic *tum- (\"hat, cap; snout; beak; nose) which is then compared to Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”), Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”) and Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”). Notwithstanding several etymological mistakes (see Japanese 頭(つぶり) (tsuburi), for example, which is claimed as a \"cognate\"), Altaic Hypothesis is now widely discredited and its comparisons are deemed unreliable.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tumšuk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tumšuk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"nose"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*burun"
},
{
"word": "*kaŋïr"
},
{
"word": "*tāna"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beak"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Turkic_language"
],
"word": "tumšuk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tumšuk meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.