See topïk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for topïk meaning in Proto-Turkic (10.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toyig",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toyig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toyig"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "тойг",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "тойн",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "төң",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tobkai",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "туухай",
"t": "a face of an anklebone"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "туухуу",
"der": "1",
"t": "knee-covering, knee warmer"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "knee"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "topuq"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: topuq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: topuq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "topuq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: topuq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: topuq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طوپوق",
"tr": "topuk"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپوق (topuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپوق (topuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "topuk",
"t": "heel bone"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: topuk (“heel bone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: topuk (“heel bone”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "topuk"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: topuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: topuk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُبِقْ",
"t": "small ball, pellet; ankle bone",
"tr": "topık"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "topiq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: topiq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: topiq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "توپۇق",
"t": "kneecap; patella"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "тубыҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "",
"tr": "tubıq"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: [script needed] (tubıq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: [script needed] (tubıq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "тобукъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: тобукъ (tobuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: тобукъ (tobuq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "тобукъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: тобукъ (tobuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: тобукъ (tobuq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "",
"tr": "tobuq"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: [script needed] (tobuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: [script needed] (tobuq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "tobiʻq"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: tobiʻq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: tobiʻq"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тобық"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "",
"tr": "tobıq"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "томук"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: томук (tomuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: томук (tomuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "томук"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: томук (tomuk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тобук",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "тобук (tobuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: томук (tomuk), тобук (tobuk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тобук"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тобук (tobuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тобук (tobuk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlg",
"2": "тобук"
},
"expansion": "Dolgan: тобук",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dolgan: тобук"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "довук"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: довук (dovuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: довук (dovuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "",
"tr": "to'puq"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"tr": "topïq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "томых",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "tōq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: tōq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: tōq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*top",
"3": "*-ik",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix",
"t1": "round thing"
},
"expansion": "*top (“round thing”) + *-ik (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *top (“round thing”) + *-ik (diminutive suffix).\nThe Turkic intervocalic -p- has been changed to intervocalic hiatus in borrowings of Mongolic, to make it suitable for Mongolic phonetics",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-cmn-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topïk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïkka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïkta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïktan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïkča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*topïk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-cmn-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/topïk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"small ball, pellet"
],
"id": "en-topïk-trk-pro-noun-2yok6gUj",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"pellet",
"pellet"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knee cap"
],
"id": "en-topïk-trk-pro-noun-sVd7fZLm",
"links": [
[
"knee cap",
"knee cap"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knee"
],
"id": "en-topïk-trk-pro-noun-ae9aiLAn",
"links": [
[
"knee",
"knee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common Turkic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 1 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 5 2 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ik",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anklebone; heel bone"
],
"id": "en-topïk-trk-pro-noun-xX98MkCd",
"links": [
[
"anklebone",
"anklebone"
],
[
"heel bone",
"heel bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "topïk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common Turkic",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ik",
"Requests for native script for Karaim terms",
"Requests for native script for Nogai terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms",
"Requests for native script for Tatar terms",
"Requests for native script for Tofa terms",
"trk-pro:Bones"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toyig",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toyig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *toyig"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "тойг",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "тойн",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "төң",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*tobkai",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "туухай",
"t": "a face of an anklebone"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "туухуу",
"der": "1",
"t": "knee-covering, knee warmer"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "knee"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "topuq"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: topuq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: topuq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "topuq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: topuq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: topuq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "طوپوق",
"tr": "topuk"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپوق (topuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: طوپوق (topuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "topuk",
"t": "heel bone"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: topuk (“heel bone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: topuk (“heel bone”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "topuk"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: topuk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: topuk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُبِقْ",
"t": "small ball, pellet; ankle bone",
"tr": "topık"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "topiq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: topiq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: topiq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "توپۇق",
"t": "kneecap; patella"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "тубыҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "",
"tr": "tubıq"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: [script needed] (tubıq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: [script needed] (tubıq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "тобукъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: тобукъ (tobuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: тобукъ (tobuq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "тобукъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: тобукъ (tobuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: тобукъ (tobuq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "",
"tr": "tobuq"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: [script needed] (tobuq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: [script needed] (tobuq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "tobiʻq"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: tobiʻq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: tobiʻq"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тобық"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "",
"tr": "tobıq"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "томук"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: томук (tomuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: томук (tomuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "томук"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: томук (tomuk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тобук",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "тобук (tobuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: томук (tomuk), тобук (tobuk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "тобук"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: тобук (tobuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: тобук (tobuk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlg",
"2": "тобук"
},
"expansion": "Dolgan: тобук",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dolgan: тобук"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "довук"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: довук (dovuk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: довук (dovuk)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "",
"tr": "to'puq"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"tr": "topïq"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "томых",
"t": "kneecap"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "tōq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: tōq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: tōq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*top",
"3": "*-ik",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix",
"t1": "round thing"
},
"expansion": "*top (“round thing”) + *-ik (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *top (“round thing”) + *-ik (diminutive suffix).\nThe Turkic intervocalic -p- has been changed to intervocalic hiatus in borrowings of Mongolic, to make it suitable for Mongolic phonetics",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-cmn-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topïk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïkka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïkta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïktan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topïkča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topïklarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*topïk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-cmn-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/topïk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"small ball, pellet"
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"pellet",
"pellet"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knee cap"
],
"links": [
[
"knee cap",
"knee cap"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knee"
],
"links": [
[
"knee",
"knee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anklebone; heel bone"
],
"links": [
[
"anklebone",
"anklebone"
],
[
"heel bone",
"heel bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "topïk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.