See tamga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "East Yugur",
"lang_code": "yuy",
"word": "taŋġwa"
},
{
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*tamaga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "taŋma",
"word": "таҥма"
}
],
"lang": "East Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "tamğa",
"word": "тамға"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "tañba",
"word": "таңба"
},
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "тамға"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "tamğa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avar",
"lang_code": "av",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damğa",
"word": "дамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Dargwa",
"lang_code": "dar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "дамгъа"
}
],
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "damğa",
"word": "дамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "tamğa",
"word": "тамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damǧæ",
"word": "дамгъӕ"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "tumh̬a",
"word": "тумха"
},
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "tămh̬a",
"word": "тӑмха"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tamgá",
"word": "тамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "tamožnja",
"word": "таможня"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamŭga",
"sense": "stigma",
"word": "тамъга"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "tagma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "daġma",
"word": "դաղմա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damġa",
"tags": [
"Karabakh"
],
"word": "դամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Lak",
"lang_code": "lbe",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "t:anğa",
"word": "ттангъа"
},
{
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "taġma",
"word": "тагъма"
},
{
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or perhaps from Kumyk"
],
"roman": "ṭamġa",
"word": "тӏамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Udi",
"lang_code": "udi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "дамгъа"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "damğa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "تمغا"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga, damga",
"word": "طمغا"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga, damga",
"word": "طمغه"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga, damga",
"word": "طامغه"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "damga",
"word": "دامغه"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "damga",
"word": "دمغه"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"sense": "stamp, imprint; sign",
"word": "tamγa"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "tamga"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "tamγa, tamqa",
"word": "𐱃𐰢𐰍𐰀, 𐱃𐰀𐰢𐰴𐰀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"word": "таңма"
},
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "tañma",
"word": "таңма"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tam-",
"3": "*ge",
"alt2": "*ga",
"t1": "to burn, to kindle, to ignite"
},
"expansion": "*tam- (“to burn, to kindle, to ignite”) + *-ga",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from *tam- (“to burn, to kindle, to ignite”) + *-ga",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tamga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamganïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tamga",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "Common Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(Common Turkic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ge",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brand (mark of ownership put on horses or cattle)"
],
"id": "en-tamga-trk-pro-noun-uV-YqaHC",
"links": [
[
"brand",
"brand"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"seal"
],
"id": "en-tamga-trk-pro-noun-8PZov2EO",
"links": [
[
"seal",
"seal"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tamga"
],
"id": "en-tamga-trk-pro-noun-DX-FqbMA",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tamga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Common Turkic",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ge",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms",
"trk-pro:Cattle",
"trk-pro:Fire"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "East Yugur",
"lang_code": "yuy",
"word": "taŋġwa"
},
{
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*tamaga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "taŋma",
"word": "таҥма"
}
],
"lang": "East Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "tamğa",
"word": "тамға"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
}
],
"lang": "North Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "tañba",
"word": "таңба"
},
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "тамға"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "tamğa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avar",
"lang_code": "av",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damğa",
"word": "дамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Dargwa",
"lang_code": "dar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "дамгъа"
}
],
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "damğa",
"word": "дамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Karachay-Balkar",
"lang_code": "krc",
"roman": "tamğa",
"word": "тамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damǧæ",
"word": "дамгъӕ"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "tumh̬a",
"word": "тумха"
},
{
"lang": "Chuvash",
"lang_code": "cv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "tămh̬a",
"word": "тӑмха"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "тамга"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tamgá",
"word": "тамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "tamožnja",
"word": "таможня"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamŭga",
"sense": "stigma",
"word": "тамъга"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "tagma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "daġma",
"word": "դաղմա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damġa",
"tags": [
"Karabakh"
],
"word": "դամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Lak",
"lang_code": "lbe",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "t:anğa",
"word": "ттангъа"
},
{
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "taġma",
"word": "тагъма"
},
{
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or perhaps from Kumyk"
],
"roman": "ṭamġa",
"word": "тӏамгъа"
},
{
"lang": "Udi",
"lang_code": "udi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "дамгъа"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "damğa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga",
"word": "تمغا"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga, damga",
"word": "طمغا"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga, damga",
"word": "طمغه"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tamga, damga",
"word": "طامغه"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "damga",
"word": "دامغه"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Gagauz",
"lang_code": "gag",
"word": "tamga"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "damga"
},
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damḡa",
"word": "دَمْغَة"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damgá",
"word": "дамга́"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Azerbaijani"
],
"roman": "damɣa",
"word": "დამღა"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "damka",
"word": "դամկա"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻamġa",
"word": "թամղա"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tamġa",
"word": "տամղա"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "danga"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "damka",
"word": "дамка"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "damga",
"word": "دمغه"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"sense": "stamp, imprint; sign",
"word": "tamγa"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "tamga"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"roman": "tamγa, tamqa",
"word": "𐱃𐰢𐰍𐰀, 𐱃𐰀𐰢𐰴𐰀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"word": "таңма"
},
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "tañma",
"word": "таңма"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tam-",
"3": "*ge",
"alt2": "*ga",
"t1": "to burn, to kindle, to ignite"
},
"expansion": "*tam- (“to burn, to kindle, to ignite”) + *-ga",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from *tam- (“to burn, to kindle, to ignite”) + *-ga",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tamga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamganïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tamgalarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tamga",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "Common Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(Common Turkic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"brand (mark of ownership put on horses or cattle)"
],
"links": [
[
"brand",
"brand"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"seal"
],
"links": [
[
"seal",
"seal"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tamga"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tamga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tamga meaning in Proto-Turkic (13.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.