See tōz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tōzan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tōzïn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "طُوزْ",
"tr": "doz, dōz"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طُوزْ (doz, dōz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طُوزْ (doz, dōz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "toz"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: toz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: toz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "tooz",
"3": "toz"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: tooz, toz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: tooz, toz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "توز"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: توز\nTurkish: toz\n→ Armenian: թոզ (tʻoz)\n→ Cypriot Greek: ττοζιν (ttozin)\n→ Cypriot Arabic: ttozz\n→ Romanian: tos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: توز\nTurkish: toz\n→ Armenian: թոզ (tʻoz)\n→ Cypriot Greek: ττοζιν (ttozin)\n→ Cypriot Arabic: ttozz\n→ Romanian: tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "tōz"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: tōz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: tōz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тоз"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тоз (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тоз (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz–Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "тоз"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: тоз (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: тоз (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُوزْ"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تُوزْ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تُوزْ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "توز",
"tr": "tuz"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: توز (tuz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: توز (tuz)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "توز"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: توز (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: توز (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐱃𐰆𐰔",
"tr": "toz"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰔 (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰔 (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "tos"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: tos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "тоос"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai: тоос (toos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai: тоос (toos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *toxusun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *toxusun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "тоос",
"3": "ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: тоос (toos), ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ (toɣusu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: тоос (toos), ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ (toɣusu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "доозун",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tuvan: доозун (doozun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tuvan: доозун (doozun)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nişanyan suggests the probability of an earlier hypothetical *tobuz or *tobuŕ (see *topur), however, he reiterates that it is uncertain. . Kononov suggests a derivation with the suffix *-z\nUncertain relation with Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”):\n* Gombocz connects this word with Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”) and with *toprak.\n* Ligeti suggests a connection through a common ancestral language, however, the Altaic hypothesis is now widely discredited.\n* Nişanyan also connects this word with Mongolian Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”), which he suggests is a borrowing from Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōznïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tōz",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "Common Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(Common Turkic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tōz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dust"
],
"id": "en-tōz-trk-pro-noun-q7MnARF9",
"links": [
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"powder"
],
"id": "en-tōz-trk-pro-noun-6OuHQdPa",
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Common Turkic",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic links with redundant wikilinks",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"trk-pro:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tōzan"
},
{
"word": "tōzïn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "طُوزْ",
"tr": "doz, dōz"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طُوزْ (doz, dōz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: طُوزْ (doz, dōz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "toz"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: toz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: toz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "tooz",
"3": "toz"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: tooz, toz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: tooz, toz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "توز"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: توز\nTurkish: toz\n→ Armenian: թոզ (tʻoz)\n→ Cypriot Greek: ττοζιν (ttozin)\n→ Cypriot Arabic: ttozz\n→ Romanian: tos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: توز\nTurkish: toz\n→ Armenian: թոզ (tʻoz)\n→ Cypriot Greek: ττοζιν (ttozin)\n→ Cypriot Arabic: ttozz\n→ Romanian: tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "tōz"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: tōz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: tōz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "тоз"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: тоз (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: тоз (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz–Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "тоз"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: тоз (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: тоз (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "تُوزْ"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: تُوزْ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: تُوزْ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "توز",
"tr": "tuz"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: توز (tuz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: توز (tuz)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "توز"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: توز (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: توز (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐱃𐰆𐰔",
"tr": "toz"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰔 (toz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰔 (toz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "tos"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: tos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: tos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "тоос"
},
"expansion": "Northern Altai: тоос (toos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Altai: тоос (toos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *toxusun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Mongolic: *toxusun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "тоос",
"3": "ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: тоос (toos), ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ (toɣusu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: тоос (toos), ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ (toɣusu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "доозун",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tuvan: доозун (doozun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tuvan: доозун (doozun)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*toxusun",
"t": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nişanyan suggests the probability of an earlier hypothetical *tobuz or *tobuŕ (see *topur), however, he reiterates that it is uncertain. . Kononov suggests a derivation with the suffix *-z\nUncertain relation with Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”):\n* Gombocz connects this word with Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”) and with *toprak.\n* Ligeti suggests a connection through a common ancestral language, however, the Altaic hypothesis is now widely discredited.\n* Nişanyan also connects this word with Mongolian Proto-Mongolic *toxusun (“dust”), which he suggests is a borrowing from Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōznïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarnïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōzlarča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*tōz",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "Common Turkic"
},
"expansion": "(Common Turkic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tōz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dust"
],
"links": [
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"powder"
],
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tōz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tōz meaning in Proto-Turkic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.