See kaya in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*kaya"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kaya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kaya"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qaya"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qaya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qaya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قیا",
"tr": "kaya"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: قیا (kaya), قایا (kaya)\nTurkish: kaya",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: قیا (kaya), قایا (kaya)\nTurkish: kaya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gaýa"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gaýa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gaýa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qoya"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qoya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qoya"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qaya"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: qaya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: qaya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "къая"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: къая (qaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: къая (qaya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡая"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: ҡая (qaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: ҡая (qaya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "кыя"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: кыя (qıya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: кыя (qıya)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰",
"alts": "1",
"tr": "kaya"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (kaya), 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽶𐽰 (q̈ʾyʾ /ḳaya/), 𐰴𐰖 (qy¹ /ḳaya/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (kaya), 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽶𐽰 (q̈ʾyʾ /ḳaya/), 𐰴𐰖 (qy¹ /ḳaya/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "хайа"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: хайа (qaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: хайа (qaya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "хая"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: хая (xaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: хая (xaya)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хая"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: хая (xaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: хая (xaya)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kada",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kada (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*kada(r)",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *kada(r) (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "syd-pro",
"3": "*koəjə",
"4": "",
"5": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samoyedic *koəjə (“mountain”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kada (“rock”) and Proto-Tungusic *kada(r) (“rock”).\nHelimski (1995) suggests a borrowing from Proto-Samoyedic *koəjə (“mountain”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayaïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayaïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayalïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kaya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaya",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rock"
],
"id": "en-kaya-trk-pro-noun-NQp3DA7J",
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mountain"
],
"id": "en-kaya-trk-pro-noun-O4DTj3aG",
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kaya"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms borrowed from Proto-Samoyedic",
"Proto-Turkic terms derived from Proto-Samoyedic",
"trk-pro:Landforms",
"trk-pro:Rocks"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro",
"2": "*kaya"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kaya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic: *kaya"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qaya"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qaya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qaya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قیا",
"tr": "kaya"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: قیا (kaya), قایا (kaya)\nTurkish: kaya",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: قیا (kaya), قایا (kaya)\nTurkish: kaya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gaýa"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gaýa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gaýa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qoya"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qoya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qoya"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qaya"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: qaya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: qaya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "къая"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: къая (qaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: къая (qaya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡая"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: ҡая (qaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: ҡая (qaya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "кыя"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: кыя (qıya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: кыя (qıya)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰",
"alts": "1",
"tr": "kaya"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (kaya), 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽶𐽰 (q̈ʾyʾ /ḳaya/), 𐰴𐰖 (qy¹ /ḳaya/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (kaya), 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽶𐽰 (q̈ʾyʾ /ḳaya/), 𐰴𐰖 (qy¹ /ḳaya/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "хайа"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: хайа (qaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: хайа (qaya)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "хая"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: хая (xaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: хая (xaya)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хая"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: хая (xaya)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: хая (xaya)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kada",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kada (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*kada(r)",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *kada(r) (“rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "syd-pro",
"3": "*koəjə",
"4": "",
"5": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samoyedic *koəjə (“mountain”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kada (“rock”) and Proto-Tungusic *kada(r) (“rock”).\nHelimski (1995) suggests a borrowing from Proto-Samoyedic *koəjə (“mountain”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayaïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayaïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kayalïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kaya",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaya",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rock"
],
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mountain"
],
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kaya"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kaya meaning in Proto-Turkic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.