See kańak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "قَنَقْ",
"tr": "qanaq"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: قَنَقْ (qanaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Early Volga Bulgar: قَنَقْ (qanaq) (11th c.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu: قَنَقْ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "qânaq",
"3": "قاناق"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: qânaq, قاناق",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: qânaq, قاناق"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "قَيَقْ",
"t": "qayaq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: قَيَقْ (“qayaq”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: قَيَقْ (“qayaq”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"tr": "qaymaq"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qaymaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qaymaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qaymoq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qaymoq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qaymoq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak-Bulgar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡаймаҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: ҡаймаҡ (qaymaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: ҡаймаҡ (qaymaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: каймак (qaymaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: каймак (qaymaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "хӑйма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: хӑйма (hăjma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: хӑйма (hăjma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak-Cuman:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "къаймакъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: къаймакъ (qaymaq)\n→ Chechen: гӏаймакх class dd (ğajmaq)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: къаймакъ (qaymaq)\n→ Chechen: гӏаймакх class dd (ğajmaq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak-Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қаймақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: қаймақ (qaimaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: қаймақ (qaimaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: каймак (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: каймак (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: каймак (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: каймак (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: каймак (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: каймак (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz: *kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qaymaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qaymaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qaymaq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قایماق"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: قایماق",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: قایماق"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: kaymak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kaymak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "Каймак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: Каймак (Kajmak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: Каймак (Kajmak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kaymak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kaymak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Kajmak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Kajmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Kajmak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кајмак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кајмак (kajmak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кајмак (kajmak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "قیماق",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "qeymâq"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: قیماق (qeymâq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: قیماق (qeymâq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kajmak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kajmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kajmak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "caimac",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: caimac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: caimac"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "каймак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: каймак (kajmak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: каймак (kajmak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kajmak",
"3": "кајмак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: kajmak, кајмак",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: kajmak, кајмак"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kajmak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kajmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kajmak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gaýmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gaýmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gaýmak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kańa-",
"3": "*-k",
"t1": "to boil; to melt"
},
"expansion": "*kańa- (“to boil; to melt”) + *-k",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There have been a few theories on the derivation:\n# Clauson derives from a hypothetical *kań-, however such a verb is not attested.\n# Nişanyan instead suggests *kańa- (“to boil; to melt”) + *-k.\n# Doerfer suggests a derivation from a hypothetical *kāyïn-, the passive of *kāy- (“to slide”), however this is unlikely on phonological grounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kańak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaknï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaklayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaklïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kańak",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kańak",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kańaklan-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cream, kaymak"
],
"id": "en-kańak-trk-pro-noun--KjadIwM",
"links": [
[
"cream",
"cream"
],
[
"kaymak",
"kaymak"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kańak"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kańaklan-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "قَنَقْ",
"tr": "qanaq"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: قَنَقْ (qanaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Early Volga Bulgar: قَنَقْ (qanaq) (11th c.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu: قَنَقْ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "qânaq",
"3": "قاناق"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: qânaq, قاناق",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: qânaq, قاناق"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "قَيَقْ",
"t": "qayaq"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: قَيَقْ (“qayaq”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: قَيَقْ (“qayaq”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"tr": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"tr": "qaymaq"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qaymaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qaymaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qaymoq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qaymoq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qaymoq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"tr": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: [script needed] (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: [script needed] (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak-Bulgar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡаймаҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: ҡаймаҡ (qaymaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: ҡаймаҡ (qaymaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: каймак (qaymaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: каймак (qaymaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "хӑйма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: хӑйма (hăjma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: хӑйма (hăjma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak-Cuman:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "къаймакъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: къаймакъ (qaymaq)\n→ Chechen: гӏаймакх class dd (ğajmaq)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: къаймакъ (qaymaq)\n→ Chechen: гӏаймакх class dd (ğajmaq)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak-Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қаймақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: қаймақ (qaimaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: қаймақ (qaimaq)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: каймак (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: каймак (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: каймак (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: каймак (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "каймак"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: каймак (kaymak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: каймак (kaymak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz: *kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qaymaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qaymaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qaymaq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "قایماق"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: قایماق",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: قایماق"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: kaymak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaymak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kaymak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "Каймак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: Каймак (Kajmak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: Каймак (Kajmak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kaymak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kaymak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kaymak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Kajmak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Kajmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Kajmak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кајмак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: кајмак (kajmak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: кајмак (kajmak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "قیماق",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "qeymâq"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: قیماق (qeymâq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: قیماق (qeymâq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kajmak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kajmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kajmak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "caimac",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: caimac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: caimac"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "каймак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: каймак (kajmak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: каймак (kajmak)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kajmak",
"3": "кајмак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: kajmak, кајмак",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: kajmak, кајмак"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kajmak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kajmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kajmak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gaýmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gaýmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gaýmak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kańa-",
"3": "*-k",
"t1": "to boil; to melt"
},
"expansion": "*kańa- (“to boil; to melt”) + *-k",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There have been a few theories on the derivation:\n# Clauson derives from a hypothetical *kań-, however such a verb is not attested.\n# Nişanyan instead suggests *kańa- (“to boil; to melt”) + *-k.\n# Doerfer suggests a derivation from a hypothetical *kāyïn-, the passive of *kāy- (“to slide”), however this is unlikely on phonological grounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kańak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaknï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaknïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakgaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańakča",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaklayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kańaklïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kańak",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kańak",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Requests for native script for Chagatai terms",
"Requests for native script for Kipchak terms",
"Requests for native script for Uyghur terms",
"trk-pro:Cooking",
"trk-pro:Dairy products"
],
"glosses": [
"cream, kaymak"
],
"links": [
[
"cream",
"cream"
],
[
"kaymak",
"kaymak"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kańak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kańak meaning in Proto-Turkic (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.