See bugra in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "buğur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "buğra"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat"
}
],
"lang": "West Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "bugra"
}
],
"lang": "East Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "bora"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "buwra"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "bura",
"word": "бура"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "bora",
"word": "бора"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "buura",
"word": "буура"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "bura",
"word": "бура"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "bughra",
"word": "بۇغرا"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "boʻgʻra"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "buğra",
"word": "بوغرا"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"word": "بُغْرا"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "pwqrʾ",
"word": "𐽼𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰"
},
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "b¹uǧr¹a",
"word": "𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"roman": "buur",
"word": "буур"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "buur",
"word": "буур"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim",
"roman": "buur",
"word": "буур"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "puğa",
"word": "пуға"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "puğa",
"word": "пуға"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Southe Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*bugu",
"3": "*ra",
"gloss1": "male deer"
},
"expansion": "*bugu (“male deer”) + *-ra",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "xgn"
},
"expansion": "Mongolic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "буга",
"t": "male deer"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian буга (buga, “male deer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*bugur",
"t": "male camel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *bugur (“male camel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "peura",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Finnish peura (“reindeer”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "buğur"
},
"expansion": "Turkish buğur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Most commonly thought to be a derivation from *bugu (“male deer”) + *-ra, however there is no denominal *-ra suffix in Turkic.\n* Scherbak considers *bugu as loanword from Mongolic, whence Mongolian буга (buga, “male deer”).\n* Nişanyan proposes a loanword from Proto-Mongolic *bugur (“male camel”).\n* Räsänen compares this word with Finnish peura (“reindeer”).\n* Eren analyzes as *bugur with the suffix *-a, which could also be used in *čōčka (“pig, piglet”). Compare dialectal Turkish buğur.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bugra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugraïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugranï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugranïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugraka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugrada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugradan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugragaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugraïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugrača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugralayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugralïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*bugra",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bugra",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ra",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "*tebe"
},
{
"word": "*kȫĺek"
}
],
"glosses": [
"male camel; camel stallion"
],
"id": "en-bugra-trk-pro-noun-uNYebduK",
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
],
[
"stallion",
"stallion"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bugra"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Common Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"word": "buğur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "buğra"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota"
}
],
"lang": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"lang_code": "trk-oat"
}
],
"lang": "West Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"word": "bugra"
}
],
"lang": "East Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Oghuz",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"word": "bora"
}
],
"lang": "West Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"word": "buwra"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "bura",
"word": "бура"
},
{
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"roman": "bora",
"word": "бора"
}
],
"lang": "South Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "buura",
"word": "буура"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "bura",
"word": "бура"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Kipchak",
"lang_code": "qwm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "bughra",
"word": "بۇغرا"
},
{
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"word": "boʻgʻra"
}
],
"lang": "Chagatai",
"lang_code": "chg",
"roman": "buğra",
"word": "بوغرا"
}
],
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"lang_code": "xqa",
"word": "بُغْرا"
}
],
"lang": "Karluk",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "pwqrʾ",
"word": "𐽼𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰"
},
{
"lang": "Old Uyghur",
"lang_code": "oui",
"roman": "b¹uǧr¹a",
"word": "𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dolgan",
"lang_code": "dlg",
"roman": "buur",
"word": "буур"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "buur",
"word": "буур"
}
],
"lang": "North Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tofa",
"lang_code": "kim",
"roman": "buur",
"word": "буур"
}
],
"lang": "Sayan Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khakas",
"lang_code": "kjh",
"roman": "puğa",
"word": "пуға"
},
{
"lang": "Shor",
"lang_code": "cjs",
"roman": "puğa",
"word": "пуға"
}
],
"lang": "Yenisei Turkic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Southe Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Siberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*bugu",
"3": "*ra",
"gloss1": "male deer"
},
"expansion": "*bugu (“male deer”) + *-ra",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "xgn"
},
"expansion": "Mongolic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "буга",
"t": "male deer"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian буга (buga, “male deer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*bugur",
"t": "male camel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *bugur (“male camel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "peura",
"t": "reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Finnish peura (“reindeer”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "buğur"
},
"expansion": "Turkish buğur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Most commonly thought to be a derivation from *bugu (“male deer”) + *-ra, however there is no denominal *-ra suffix in Turkic.\n* Scherbak considers *bugu as loanword from Mongolic, whence Mongolian буга (buga, “male deer”).\n* Nişanyan proposes a loanword from Proto-Mongolic *bugur (“male camel”).\n* Räsänen compares this word with Finnish peura (“reindeer”).\n* Eren analyzes as *bugur with the suffix *-a, which could also be used in *čōčka (“pig, piglet”). Compare dialectal Turkish buğur.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bugra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugraïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugranï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugranïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugraka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugrada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugradan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugragaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugraïn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugrača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugralayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bugralïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*bugra",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bugra",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ra",
"Proto-Turkic terms with unknown etymologies",
"trk-pro:Camelids",
"trk-pro:Male animals"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "*tebe"
},
{
"word": "*kȫĺek"
}
],
"glosses": [
"male camel; camel stallion"
],
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
],
[
"stallion",
"stallion"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bugra"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bugra meaning in Proto-Turkic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.