"bagïr" meaning in Proto-Turkic

See bagïr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Connected to Proto-Tungusic *pākin. Etymology templates: {{cog|tuw-pro|*pākin}} Proto-Tungusic *pākin Head templates: {{head|trk-pro|noun}} *bagïr Inflection templates: {{trk-pro-decl-noun|a}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bagïr [nominative, singular], bagïrnï [accusative, singular], bagïrïg [accusative, singular], bagïrnïg [accusative, singular], bagïrnïŋ [genitive, singular], bagïrka [dative, singular], bagïrta [locative, singular], bagïrtan [ablative, singular], bagïrgaru [allative, singular], bagïrïn [instrumental, singular], bagïrča [equative, singular], bagïrlayu [error-unrecognized-form, singular], bagïrlïgu [comitative, singular]
  1. liver Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: bagïrdak, bagïrsuk
    Sense id: en-bagïr-trk-pro-noun-669IqXJX Categories (other): Khakas terms with redundant transliterations, Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for bagïr meaning in Proto-Turkic (7.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Oghur:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cv",
            "2": "пӗвер"
          },
          "expansion": "Chuvash: пӗвер (pĕver)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chuvash: пӗвер (pĕver)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Common Turkic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "trk-ogz-pro",
            "2": "*bagïr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *bagïr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Oghuz: *bagïr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "trk-oat",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Azerbaijani: bağır",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Azerbaijani: bağır"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "باغر",
            "tr": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: باغر (bağır)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ottoman Turkish: باغر (bağır)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tr",
            "2": "bağır",
            "t": "breast, bosom"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkish: bağır (“breast, bosom”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkish: bağır (“breast, bosom”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "slr",
            "2": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Salar: bağır",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Salar: bağır"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "bagyr"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkmen: bagyr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkmen: bagyr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Karluk:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "بېغىر"
          },
          "expansion": "Uyghur: بېغىر (bëghir)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uyghur: بېغىر (bëghir)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "bag'ir"
          },
          "expansion": "Uzbek: bag'ir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uzbek: bag'ir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ba",
            "2": "бауыр",
            "3": "бәғер"
          },
          "expansion": "Bashkir: бауыр (bawır), бәғер (bəğer)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bashkir: бауыр (bawır), бәғер (bəğer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tt",
            "2": "бавыр"
          },
          "expansion": "Tatar: бавыр (bawır)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tatar: бавыр (bawır)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "crh",
            "2": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Crimean Tatar: bağır",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Crimean Tatar: bağır"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krc",
            "2": "баур",
            "3": "бауур"
          },
          "expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: баур (baur), бауур (bauur)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karachay-Balkar: баур (baur), бауур (bauur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kum",
            "2": "бавур"
          },
          "expansion": "Kumyk: бавур (bawur)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kumyk: бавур (bawur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nog",
            "2": "бавыр"
          },
          "expansion": "Nogai: бавыр (bavır)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nogai: бавыр (bavır)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "бауыр"
          },
          "expansion": "Kazakh: бауыр (bauyr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kazakh: бауыр (bauyr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "боор"
          },
          "expansion": "Kyrgyz: боор (boor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kyrgyz: боор (boor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "alt",
            "2": "буур"
          },
          "expansion": "Southern Altai: буур (buur)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Altai: буур (buur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Siberian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "otk",
            "2": "",
            "tr": "baɣïr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (baɣïr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (baɣïr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Siberian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlg",
            "2": "быар",
            "tr": "bıar"
          },
          "expansion": "Dolgan: быар (bıar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dolgan: быар (bıar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sah",
            "2": "быар"
          },
          "expansion": "Yakut: быар (bıar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yakut: быар (bıar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Siberian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sayan Turkic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tyv",
            "2": "баар"
          },
          "expansion": "Tuvan: баар (baar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tuvan: баар (baar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Yenisei:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kjh",
            "2": "паар",
            "tr": "paar"
          },
          "expansion": "Khakas: паар (paar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khakas: паар (paar)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tuw-pro",
        "2": "*pākin"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *pākin",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Connected to Proto-Tungusic *pākin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrnï",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrïg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrnïg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrnïŋ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrtan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrgaru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrïn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "equative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrlayu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrlïgu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*bagïr",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a"
      },
      "name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Turkic",
  "lang_code": "trk-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bagïr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Khakas terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "bagïrdak"
        },
        {
          "word": "bagïrsuk"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "liver"
      ],
      "id": "en-bagïr-trk-pro-noun-669IqXJX",
      "links": [
        [
          "liver",
          "liver"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bagïr"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bagïrdak"
    },
    {
      "word": "bagïrsuk"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Oghur:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cv",
            "2": "пӗвер"
          },
          "expansion": "Chuvash: пӗвер (pĕver)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chuvash: пӗвер (pĕver)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Common Turkic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "trk-ogz-pro",
            "2": "*bagïr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *bagïr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Oghuz: *bagïr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "trk-oat",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Azerbaijani: bağır",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Azerbaijani: bağır"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "باغر",
            "tr": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: باغر (bağır)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ottoman Turkish: باغر (bağır)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tr",
            "2": "bağır",
            "t": "breast, bosom"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkish: bağır (“breast, bosom”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkish: bağır (“breast, bosom”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "slr",
            "2": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Salar: bağır",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Salar: bağır"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "bagyr"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkmen: bagyr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkmen: bagyr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Karluk:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "بېغىر"
          },
          "expansion": "Uyghur: بېغىر (bëghir)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uyghur: بېغىر (bëghir)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "bag'ir"
          },
          "expansion": "Uzbek: bag'ir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Uzbek: bag'ir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ba",
            "2": "бауыр",
            "3": "бәғер"
          },
          "expansion": "Bashkir: бауыр (bawır), бәғер (bəğer)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bashkir: бауыр (bawır), бәғер (bəğer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tt",
            "2": "бавыр"
          },
          "expansion": "Tatar: бавыр (bawır)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tatar: бавыр (bawır)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "crh",
            "2": "bağır"
          },
          "expansion": "Crimean Tatar: bağır",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Crimean Tatar: bağır"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krc",
            "2": "баур",
            "3": "бауур"
          },
          "expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: баур (baur), бауур (bauur)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karachay-Balkar: баур (baur), бауур (bauur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kum",
            "2": "бавур"
          },
          "expansion": "Kumyk: бавур (bawur)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kumyk: бавур (bawur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nog",
            "2": "бавыр"
          },
          "expansion": "Nogai: бавыр (bavır)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nogai: бавыр (bavır)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "бауыр"
          },
          "expansion": "Kazakh: бауыр (bauyr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kazakh: бауыр (bauyr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "боор"
          },
          "expansion": "Kyrgyz: боор (boor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kyrgyz: боор (boor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "alt",
            "2": "буур"
          },
          "expansion": "Southern Altai: буур (buur)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Altai: буур (buur)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Siberian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "otk",
            "2": "",
            "tr": "baɣïr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (baɣïr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (baɣïr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Siberian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlg",
            "2": "быар",
            "tr": "bıar"
          },
          "expansion": "Dolgan: быар (bıar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dolgan: быар (bıar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sah",
            "2": "быар"
          },
          "expansion": "Yakut: быар (bıar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yakut: быар (bıar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Siberian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sayan Turkic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tyv",
            "2": "баар"
          },
          "expansion": "Tuvan: баар (baar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tuvan: баар (baar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Yenisei:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kjh",
            "2": "паар",
            "tr": "paar"
          },
          "expansion": "Khakas: паар (paar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khakas: паар (paar)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tuw-pro",
        "2": "*pākin"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *pākin",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Connected to Proto-Tungusic *pākin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrnï",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrïg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrnïg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrnïŋ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrtan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrgaru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrïn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "equative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrlayu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bagïrlïgu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*bagïr",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a"
      },
      "name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Turkic",
  "lang_code": "trk-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bagïr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Khakas terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Turkic lemmas",
        "Proto-Turkic nouns",
        "Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
        "trk-pro:Organs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "liver"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "liver",
          "liver"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bagïr"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.