See -n in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-n"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-n",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-n"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-n",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compared to Proto-Tungusic *-n, Proto-Mongolic *-n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 32 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating noun from a verb."
],
"id": "en--n-trk-pro-suffix-280Ca-fp",
"related": [
{
"english": "tomorrow",
"word": "yạrï-n"
},
{
"english": "bride",
"word": "kẹl-in"
},
{
"english": "game",
"word": "oy-un"
},
{
"english": "nose; before",
"word": "bur-un"
},
{
"tags": [
"place"
],
"word": "or-un"
},
{
"english": "all, whole",
"word": "büt-ün"
},
{
"english": "because of, for the sake of",
"word": "üč-ün"
},
{
"english": "tobacco",
"word": "tüt-ün"
},
{
"english": "near",
"word": "yak-ïn"
},
{
"english": "wave",
"word": "tolku-n"
},
{
"english": "every",
"word": "sāy-ïn"
},
{
"tags": [
"numeral"
],
"word": "sā-n"
},
{
"alt": "?",
"english": "kind of deer",
"word": "sïg-un"
},
{
"english": "fly, mosquito",
"word": "čï̄p-ïn"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 32 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yāy (“summer”) + *-n → *yāyïn (“in the summer, during summer”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating instrumental case."
],
"id": "en--n-trk-pro-suffix-O3wPpnzX",
"qualifier": "Common Turkic?",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Common Turkic?) Suffix creating instrumental case."
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "sayın",
"word": "сайын"
},
{
"sense": "Turkish",
"word": "yazın"
},
{
"sense": "Turkish",
"word": "ilkin"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-en",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 32 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bod (“tribe”) + *-n → *bodun (“people, nation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ēr (“man”) + *-n → *ēren (“men; plural of man but now used with singular meaning.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ogul (“son”) + *-n → *oglan (“sons; plural of son but now used with singular meaning in many Turkic languages.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancient plural forming suffix now unproductive."
],
"id": "en--n-trk-pro-suffix-DLrbzU5u",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 32 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "seb- (“to love”) + *-n → *seb-in-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "adïr- (“to seperate”) + *-n → *adr-ïn-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yub- (“to roll”) + *-n → *yub-un-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bas- (“to press”) + *-n → *bas-ïn-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ko- (“to put”) + *-n → *kon-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "boguŕla- (“to slaughter”) + *-n → *boguŕla-n-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tap- (“to worship”) + *-n → *tap-ïn-",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intransitive & reflexive verb forming suffix."
],
"id": "en--n-trk-pro-suffix-Tmaakjj5",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-n"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-n",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-n"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-n",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compared to Proto-Tungusic *-n, Proto-Mongolic *-n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "tomorrow",
"word": "yạrï-n"
},
{
"english": "bride",
"word": "kẹl-in"
},
{
"english": "game",
"word": "oy-un"
},
{
"english": "nose; before",
"word": "bur-un"
},
{
"tags": [
"place"
],
"word": "or-un"
},
{
"english": "all, whole",
"word": "büt-ün"
},
{
"english": "because of, for the sake of",
"word": "üč-ün"
},
{
"english": "tobacco",
"word": "tüt-ün"
},
{
"english": "near",
"word": "yak-ïn"
},
{
"english": "wave",
"word": "tolku-n"
},
{
"english": "every",
"word": "sāy-ïn"
},
{
"tags": [
"numeral"
],
"word": "sā-n"
},
{
"alt": "?",
"english": "kind of deer",
"word": "sïg-un"
},
{
"english": "fly, mosquito",
"word": "čï̄p-ïn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating noun from a verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Turkish",
"word": "yazın"
},
{
"sense": "Turkish",
"word": "ilkin"
},
{
"roman": "sayın",
"word": "сайын"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "yāy (“summer”) + *-n → *yāyïn (“in the summer, during summer”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating instrumental case."
],
"qualifier": "Common Turkic?",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Common Turkic?) Suffix creating instrumental case."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-en",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bod (“tribe”) + *-n → *bodun (“people, nation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ēr (“man”) + *-n → *ēren (“men; plural of man but now used with singular meaning.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ogul (“son”) + *-n → *oglan (“sons; plural of son but now used with singular meaning in many Turkic languages.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancient plural forming suffix now unproductive."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ïn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ün",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "seb- (“to love”) + *-n → *seb-in-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "adïr- (“to seperate”) + *-n → *adr-ïn-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yub- (“to roll”) + *-n → *yub-un-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bas- (“to press”) + *-n → *bas-ïn-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ko- (“to put”) + *-n → *kon-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "boguŕla- (“to slaughter”) + *-n → *boguŕla-n-",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tap- (“to worship”) + *-n → *tap-ïn-",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intransitive & reflexive verb forming suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -n meaning in Proto-Turkic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.