See ür- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogr"
},
"expansion": "Oghur:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "вӗр"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: вӗр (vĕr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: вӗр (vĕr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz: *ǖr-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "اورمك",
"tr": "ürmek"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: اورمك (ürmek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: اورمك (ürmek)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "hürmək",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: hürmək (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: hürmək (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "üürümää",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: üürümää (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: üürümää (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "اورومك",
"tr": "ürümek"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: اورومك (ürümek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: اورومك (ürümek)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ürümek",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: ürümek (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: ürümek (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "fürgüsi",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Salar: fürgüsi (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: fürgüsi (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "üýrmek",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: üýrmek (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: üýrmek (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "өрөү"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: өрөү (öröw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: өрөү (öröw)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "үрлеу"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: үрлеу (ürleu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: үрлеу (ürleu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "үрүү"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: үрүү (ürüü)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: үрүү (ürüü)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "ӱрер"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: ӱрер (ürer)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: ӱрер (ürer)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "үр"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: үр (ür)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: үр (ür)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "üfürmek",
"t": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "Turkish üfürmek (“to blow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "üfürmək",
"t": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani üfürmək (“to blow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "اورمك",
"tr": "üvürmek"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish اورمك (üvürmek)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr,tk",
"2": "üflemek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish and Turkmen üflemek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "üfləmək"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani üfləmək",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "üflemää"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz üflemää",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nişanyan suggests a derivation from earlier *üwür- or *üyür-, a derivation from the onomatopoeic *ü or *üw (“blowing sound”), which he and Räsänen compare to Turkish üfürmek (“to blow”) and Azerbaijani üfürmək (“to blow”), both from Old Anatolian Turkish اورمك (üvürmek).. An onomatopoeic origin from would also make this root related to Turkish and Turkmen üflemek, Azerbaijani üfləmək, Gagauz üflemää etc.. Räsänen also compares *ör- (“to speak loudly”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ür-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ür-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to blow"
],
"id": "en-ür--trk-pro-verb-rHj~HNDI",
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to blow"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bark"
],
"id": "en-ür--trk-pro-verb-pXgVU5pF",
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to bark"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ür-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogr"
},
"expansion": "Oghur:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "вӗр"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: вӗр (vĕr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: вӗр (vĕr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz: *ǖr-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "اورمك",
"tr": "ürmek"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: اورمك (ürmek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: اورمك (ürmek)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "hürmək",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: hürmək (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: hürmək (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "üürümää",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: üürümää (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: üürümää (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "اورومك",
"tr": "ürümek"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: اورومك (ürümek)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: اورومك (ürümek)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ürümek",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: ürümek (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: ürümek (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "fürgüsi",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Salar: fürgüsi (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: fürgüsi (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "üýrmek",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: üýrmek (“to bark”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: üýrmek (“to bark”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "өрөү"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: өрөү (öröw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: өрөү (öröw)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "үрлеу"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: үрлеу (ürleu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: үрлеу (ürleu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "үрүү"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: үрүү (ürüü)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: үрүү (ürüü)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "ӱрер"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: ӱрер (ürer)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: ӱрер (ürer)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "үр"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: үр (ür)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: үр (ür)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "üfürmek",
"t": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "Turkish üfürmek (“to blow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "üfürmək",
"t": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani üfürmək (“to blow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": "اورمك",
"tr": "üvürmek"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish اورمك (üvürmek)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr,tk",
"2": "üflemek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish and Turkmen üflemek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "üfləmək"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani üfləmək",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "üflemää"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz üflemää",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nişanyan suggests a derivation from earlier *üwür- or *üyür-, a derivation from the onomatopoeic *ü or *üw (“blowing sound”), which he and Räsänen compare to Turkish üfürmek (“to blow”) and Azerbaijani üfürmək (“to blow”), both from Old Anatolian Turkish اورمك (üvürmek).. An onomatopoeic origin from would also make this root related to Turkish and Turkmen üflemek, Azerbaijani üfləmək, Gagauz üflemää etc.. Räsänen also compares *ör- (“to speak loudly”)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ür-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ür-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to blow"
],
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to blow"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to bark"
],
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to bark"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ür-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ür- meaning in Proto-Turkic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.