"ěsti" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See ěsti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”). The PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-. Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*ḗˀstei}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₁édti||to eat}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”) Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|ěd-|cat=athem|s=st}} Forms: ě̀sti [canonical], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], ědenьje [noun-from-verb], ěsti [infinitive], ěstъ [supine], ědlъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], ědenъ [participle, passive, past], ědomъ [participle, passive, present], ědъ [active, participle, past], ědy [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], ěsъ [aorist, first-person, singular], ě(stъ) [aorist, second-person, singular], ě(stъ) [aorist, singular, third-person], ěmь [first-person, present, singular], ěsi [present, second-person, singular], ěstь [present, singular, third-person], ěsově [aorist, dual, first-person], ěsta [aorist, dual, second-person], ěste [aorist, dual, third-person], ěvě [dual, first-person, present], ěsta [dual, present, second-person], ěste [dual, present, third-person], ěsomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], ěste [aorist, plural, second-person], ěsę [aorist, plural, third-person], ěmъ [first-person, plural, present], ěste [plural, present, second-person], ědętь [plural, present, third-person], ěděaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], ěděaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], ěděaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], ěďь [imperative, second-person, singular], ěďь [imperative, singular, third-person], ěděaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], ěděašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], ěděašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], ědivě [dual, first-person, imperative], ědita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], ěděaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], ěděašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], ěděaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], ědimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], ědite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. (transitive, intransitive) to eat Wikipedia link: Rick Derksen Tags: intransitive, reconstruction, transitive
    Sense id: en-ěsti-sla-pro-verb-Unr3wQmn Categories (other): EDSIL without passage, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C- Derived forms: ědlo (english: meal, dish), ědьca (english: eater), ědъ (english: poison, venom), ědakъ (english: greedy man), ěda [food, lifestyle], ěstьje (english: dish, food), ěstva (english: food; eating), ědivo (english: food, comestibles), sъnědati, ȗjědь [food, lifestyle] Derived forms (*obědъ (“meal; lunch”)): obědati (english: to have lunch)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "ѣсти"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: ѣсти (jěsti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: ѣсти (jěsti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "ѣ́сти"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ѣ́сти (jě́sti), ѣ́ти (jě́ti), ѣ́сьти (jě́sʹti), ѣ́сть (jě́stʹ), є́сти (jésti) — alternative spelling\nBelarusian: е́сці (jésci), е́сьці (jésʹci)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)\nUkrainian: ї́сти (jísty)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: ѣ́сти (jě́sti), ѣ́ти (jě́ti), ѣ́сьти (jě́sʹti), ѣ́сть (jě́stʹ), є́сти (jésti) — alternative spelling\nBelarusian: е́сці (jésci), е́сьці (jésʹci)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)\nUkrainian: ї́сти (jísty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "есть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: есть (jestʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: есть (jestʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: ꙗсти (jasti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⱑⱄⱅⰹ (ěsti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ям"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ям (jam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ям (jam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "ја́де"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "је̏сти",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: је̏сти",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: је̏сти, јисти"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "jȅsti",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: jȅsti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: jȅsti, jisti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "jẹ́sti",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jẹ́sti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jẹ́sti"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "jesc"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: jesc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: jesc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "jiesti"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: jiesti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: jiesti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "jíst"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: jíst",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: jíst"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "jeść"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: jeść",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: jeść"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "jeść"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: jeść",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: jeść"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "jest"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: jest",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: jest"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "jesť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: jesť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: jesť"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "jêsc"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: jêsc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: jêsc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "jěsć"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: jěsć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: jěsć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "jěsć"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: jěsć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: jěsć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*ḗˀstei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁édti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to eat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”).\nThe PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ě̀sti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědenьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěstъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědlъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědenъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ě(stъ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ě(stъ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěmь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěstь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěvě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěmъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěďь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěďь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "ěd-",
        "cat": "athem",
        "s": "st"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "EDSIL without passage",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "meal, dish",
          "word": "ědlo"
        },
        {
          "english": "eater",
          "word": "ědьca"
        },
        {
          "english": "poison, venom",
          "word": "ědъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "greedy man",
          "word": "ědakъ"
        },
        {
          "topics": [
            "food",
            "lifestyle"
          ],
          "word": "ěda"
        },
        {
          "english": "dish, food",
          "word": "ěstьje"
        },
        {
          "english": "food; eating",
          "word": "ěstva"
        },
        {
          "english": "food, comestibles",
          "word": "ědivo"
        },
        {
          "word": "sъnědati"
        },
        {
          "topics": [
            "food",
            "lifestyle"
          ],
          "word": "ȗjědь"
        },
        {
          "english": "to have lunch",
          "sense": "*obědъ (“meal; lunch”)",
          "word": "obědati"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat"
      ],
      "id": "en-ěsti-sla-pro-verb-Unr3wQmn",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "eat",
          "eat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to eat"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reconstruction",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ěsti"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "meal, dish",
      "word": "ědlo"
    },
    {
      "english": "eater",
      "word": "ědьca"
    },
    {
      "english": "poison, venom",
      "word": "ědъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to have lunch",
      "sense": "*obědъ (“meal; lunch”)",
      "word": "obědati"
    },
    {
      "english": "greedy man",
      "word": "ědakъ"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "food",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "ěda"
    },
    {
      "english": "dish, food",
      "word": "ěstьje"
    },
    {
      "english": "food; eating",
      "word": "ěstva"
    },
    {
      "english": "food, comestibles",
      "word": "ědivo"
    },
    {
      "word": "sъnědati"
    },
    {
      "topics": [
        "food",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "ȗjědь"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "ѣсти"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: ѣсти (jěsti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: ѣсти (jěsti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "ѣ́сти"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ѣ́сти (jě́sti), ѣ́ти (jě́ti), ѣ́сьти (jě́sʹti), ѣ́сть (jě́stʹ), є́сти (jésti) — alternative spelling\nBelarusian: е́сці (jésci), е́сьці (jésʹci)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)\nUkrainian: ї́сти (jísty)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: ѣ́сти (jě́sti), ѣ́ти (jě́ti), ѣ́сьти (jě́sʹti), ѣ́сть (jě́stʹ), є́сти (jésti) — alternative spelling\nBelarusian: е́сці (jésci), е́сьці (jésʹci)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)\nUkrainian: ї́сти (jísty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "есть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: есть (jestʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: есть (jestʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: ꙗсти (jasti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⱑⱄⱅⰹ (ěsti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ям"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ям (jam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ям (jam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "ја́де"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "је̏сти",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: је̏сти",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: је̏сти, јисти"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "jȅsti",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: jȅsti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: jȅsti, jisti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "jẹ́sti",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jẹ́sti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jẹ́sti"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "jesc"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: jesc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: jesc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "jiesti"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: jiesti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: jiesti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "jíst"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: jíst",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: jíst"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "jeść"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: jeść",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: jeść"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "jeść"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: jeść",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: jeść"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "jest"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: jest",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: jest"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "jesť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: jesť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: jesť"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "jêsc"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: jêsc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: jêsc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "jěsć"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: jěsć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: jěsć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "jěsć"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: jěsć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: jěsć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*ḗˀstei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁édti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to eat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”).\nThe PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ě̀sti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědenьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěstъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědlъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědenъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ě(stъ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ě(stъ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěmь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěstь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěvě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěsę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěmъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěďь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěďь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ěděaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ědite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "ěd-",
        "cat": "athem",
        "s": "st"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "EDSIL without passage",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic athematic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic intransitive verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic transitive verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C-",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/cat",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/n",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/s"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "eat",
          "eat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) to eat"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reconstruction",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ěsti"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ěsti meaning in Proto-Slavic (11.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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