"xrьbьtъ" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See xrьbьtъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Equivalent to the 0-grade of *xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ, likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”). Akin to Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”). ESSJa draws comparison with Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skreb-), suggesting that *xrьbьtъ and its cognates represent expressive enlargement ("экспрессивное преобразование" in Trubachyev's own words) of the former root. Etymology templates: {{affix|sla-pro|*xribъ|*-ьtъ|t1=hill}} *xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*(s)kreybʰ-||to scrape, to tear}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”), {{cog|lt|skriẽbti||to rub, to scrub}} Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), {{cog|gem-pro|*hrībaną||to scratch}} Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), {{cog|itc-pro|*skreiβō||to scribe}} Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”), {{cog|sla-pro|*skrebti||to scrape}} Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*skreb-}} Proto-Indo-European *skreb- Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|ap=b}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], xrьbь̀tъ [nominative, singular], xrьbьtà [dual, nominative], xrьbьtì [nominative, plural], xrьbьtà [genitive, singular], xrьbьtù [dual, genitive], xrьbь̀tъ [genitive, plural], xrьbьtù [dative, singular], xrьbьtòma [dative, dual], xrьbьtòmъ [dative, plural], xrьbь̀tъ [accusative, singular], xrьbьtà [accusative, dual], xrьbьtỳ [accusative, plural], xrьbьtъ̀mь [instrumental, singular], xrьbьtòmь [instrumental, singular], xrьbьtòma [dual, instrumental], xrьbь̀ty [instrumental, plural], xrьbьtě̀ [locative, singular], xrьbьtù [dual, locative], xrьbь̀těxъ [locative, plural], xrьbьte [singular, vocative], xrьbьtà [dual, vocative], xrьbьtì [plural, vocative]
  1. back, spine Tags: masculine, reconstruction Synonyms: *gъrbъ
    Sense id: en-xrьbьtъ-sla-pro-noun-rtIPfdvN
  2. ridge Tags: masculine, reconstruction Synonyms: *xridъ, *bьrdo
    Sense id: en-xrьbьtъ-sla-pro-noun-QJ42RFb6 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьtъ Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 83 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 9 91 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 5 95 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b: 3 97 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьtъ: 3 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: xribьtъ, dial. *xribьcь Related terms: uščьrbъ (english: damage, defect), skъrbь (english: starch, sorrow)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "хрыбе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хребе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "хырбет"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "хребе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "хрьбьтъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "хръбе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "’рбет"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "хр̏бат",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: хр̏бат",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: хр̏бат"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "hȑbat",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: hȑbat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: hȑbat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hrbet"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hrbet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: hrbet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "chřbet"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: chřbet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: chřbet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "hřbet"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: hřbet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: hřbet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "chrzëbt",
            "3": "chrzebiet",
            "4": "krzebt"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: chrzëbt, chrzebiet, krzebt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: chrzëbt, chrzebiet, krzebt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "chrzbiet"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: chrzbiet, chrzebiet, chrzebt, chrzybiet, grzebiet, grzebt, krzebiet, krzebt\nPolish: grzbiet\nSilesian: rzbiet",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: chrzbiet, chrzebiet, chrzebt, chrzybiet, grzebiet, grzebt, krzebiet, krzebt\nPolish: grzbiet\nSilesian: rzbiet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "chrbát"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: chrbát",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: chrbát"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "chribjet"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chribjet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: chribjet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "kśebjat"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kśebjat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: kśebjat"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*xribъ",
        "3": "*-ьtъ",
        "t1": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "*xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kreybʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to scrape, to tear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skriẽbti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rub, to scrub"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hrībaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "*skreiβō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*skrebti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scrape"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skreb-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skreb-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Equivalent to the 0-grade of *xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ, likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”). Akin to Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”).\nESSJa draws comparison with Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skreb-), suggesting that *xrьbьtъ and its cognates represent expressive enlargement (\"экспрессивное преобразование\" in Trubachyev's own words) of the former root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀tъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀tъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀tъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtъ̀mь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀ty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀těxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xrьbьtъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "damage, defect",
      "word": "uščьrbъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "starch, sorrow",
      "word": "skъrbь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "back, spine"
      ],
      "id": "en-xrьbьtъ-sla-pro-noun-rtIPfdvN",
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "spine",
          "spine"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*gъrbъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьtъ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ridge"
      ],
      "id": "en-xrьbьtъ-sla-pro-noun-QJ42RFb6",
      "links": [
        [
          "ridge",
          "ridge"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*xridъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*bьrdo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "xribьtъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dial. *xribьcь"
    }
  ],
  "word": "xrьbьtъ"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьtъ",
    "sla-pro:Body",
    "sla-pro:Landforms"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "хрыбе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хребе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "хырбет"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "хребе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "хрьбьтъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "хръбе́т"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "’рбет"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "хр̏бат",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: хр̏бат",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: хр̏бат"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "hȑbat",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: hȑbat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: hȑbat"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hrbet"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hrbet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: hrbet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "chřbet"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: chřbet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: chřbet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "hřbet"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: hřbet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: hřbet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "chrzëbt",
            "3": "chrzebiet",
            "4": "krzebt"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: chrzëbt, chrzebiet, krzebt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: chrzëbt, chrzebiet, krzebt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "chrzbiet"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: chrzbiet, chrzebiet, chrzebt, chrzybiet, grzebiet, grzebt, krzebiet, krzebt\nPolish: grzbiet\nSilesian: rzbiet",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: chrzbiet, chrzebiet, chrzebt, chrzybiet, grzebiet, grzebt, krzebiet, krzebt\nPolish: grzbiet\nSilesian: rzbiet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "chrbát"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: chrbát",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: chrbát"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "chribjet"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chribjet",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: chribjet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "kśebjat"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kśebjat",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: kśebjat"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*xribъ",
        "3": "*-ьtъ",
        "t1": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "*xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kreybʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to scrape, to tear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skriẽbti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rub, to scrub"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hrībaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "*skreiβō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scribe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*skrebti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to scrape"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skreb-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skreb-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Equivalent to the 0-grade of *xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ, likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”). Akin to Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”).\nESSJa draws comparison with Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skreb-), suggesting that *xrьbьtъ and its cognates represent expressive enlargement (\"экспрессивное преобразование\" in Trubachyev's own words) of the former root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀tъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀tъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀tъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtỳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtъ̀mь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtòma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀ty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtě̀",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbь̀těxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xrьbьtì",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xrьbьtъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "damage, defect",
      "word": "uščьrbъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "starch, sorrow",
      "word": "skъrbь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "back, spine"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "spine",
          "spine"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*gъrbъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ridge"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ridge",
          "ridge"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*xridъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*bьrdo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "xribьtъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "dial. *xribьcь"
    }
  ],
  "word": "xrьbьtъ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for xrьbьtъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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