See xalěpa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "Халѣпъ",
"3": "Халепа",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old East Slavic: Халѣпъ (Xalěpŭ), Халепа (Xalepa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "personal name"
},
"expansion": "(personal name)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old East Slavic: Халѣпъ (Xalěpŭ), Халепа (Xalepa) (personal name)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ха́лепа",
"3": "ха́ліпа",
"t2": "sleet"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ха́лепа (xáljepa), ха́ліпа (xálipa, “sleet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ха́лепа (xáljepa), ха́ліпа (xálipa, “sleet”); (dialectal) ха́ляпа (xáljapa, “slush”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́лепа",
"3": "ха́липа"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálipa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálipa) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ха́лепа",
"3": "ха́липа",
"t2": "bad weather"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálypa, “bad weather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálypa, “bad weather”) (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ěpa",
"alt1": "*xal-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*xal- + *-ěpa",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "խաղ",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh; impure, dirty"
},
"expansion": "Armenian խաղ (xaġ, “marsh; impure, dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ха̏ла",
"3": "",
"4": "dirt, grime"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ха̏ла (“dirt, grime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skaláuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rinse"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "*-a",
"alt1": "*xa-",
"alt2": "*lěp-/*lip-",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "sticky"
},
"expansion": "*xa- + *lěp-/*lip- (“sticky”) + *-a",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xajati",
"3": "*xati",
"4": "to reel, to stagger; to be concerned"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xati (“to reel, to stagger; to be concerned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*metělь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *metělь",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ша́лепа"
},
"expansion": "Russian ша́лепа (šálepa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ша́ліпа"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian ша́ліпа (šálipa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαλεπός",
"3": "",
"4": "difficult, harsh"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαλεπός (khalepós, “difficult, harsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "несго́да",
"3": "",
"4": "trouble, bad luck"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian несго́да (nesgóda, “trouble, bad luck”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Etymological hypotheses follow two lines of logic:\n* Petersson: Derived from *xal- + *-ěpa/*-ipa, cognate with South Slavic mythological creature *xala (“typhon, hail-bringer”) and possibly Armenian խաղ (xaġ, “marsh; impure, dirty”) (the later rejected by Vasmer). Berneker further adds as a potential cognate dialectal Serbo-Croatian ха̏ла (“dirt, grime”). Possibly akin to Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”).\n* Trubačev: Compound of *xa- + *lěp-/*lip- (“sticky”) + *-a. First element, perhaps from Proto-Slavic *xati (“to reel, to stagger; to be concerned”), *xajь (“trouble, cumbersome endeavour”). Compare analogous development in Proto-Slavic *metělь, *metělica (“blizzard”) from *mesti (“to sweep, to project”).\nPerhaps, parallel to ē-ablauted *šalěpa (“bad weather”), found in dialectal Russian ша́лепа (šálepa), Belarusian ша́ліпа (šálipa).\nA secondary meaning “trouble, hardship”, attested in Ukrainian and South Russian (Kursk oblast), may have been borrowed independently from Ancient Greek χαλεπός (khalepós, “difficult, harsh”) or has evolved via semantic shift alike Bulgarian несго́да (nesgóda, “trouble, bad luck”) - a negation of earleir *sъgoda (“good weather, proper time”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xalěpa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bad weather"
],
"id": "en-xalěpa-sla-pro-noun-00Ww3~Zs",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*dъžďь"
},
{
"english": "South Slavic",
"word": "*dьrča"
},
{
"english": "East Slavic",
"word": "*padorga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slush, mire"
],
"id": "en-xalěpa-sla-pro-noun-lTOP~yqF",
"links": [
[
"slush",
"slush"
],
[
"mire",
"mire"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*slǫkъtь"
},
{
"word": "*kyša"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xalipa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "šalěpa"
}
],
"word": "xalěpa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"sla-pro:Weather"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "Халѣпъ",
"3": "Халепа",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old East Slavic: Халѣпъ (Xalěpŭ), Халепа (Xalepa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "personal name"
},
"expansion": "(personal name)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old East Slavic: Халѣпъ (Xalěpŭ), Халепа (Xalepa) (personal name)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ха́лепа",
"3": "ха́ліпа",
"t2": "sleet"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ха́лепа (xáljepa), ха́ліпа (xálipa, “sleet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ха́лепа (xáljepa), ха́ліпа (xálipa, “sleet”); (dialectal) ха́ляпа (xáljapa, “slush”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́лепа",
"3": "ха́липа"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálipa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálipa) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ха́лепа",
"3": "ха́липа",
"t2": "bad weather"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálypa, “bad weather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ха́лепа (xálepa), ха́липа (xálypa, “bad weather”) (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ěpa",
"alt1": "*xal-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*xal- + *-ěpa",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "խաղ",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh; impure, dirty"
},
"expansion": "Armenian խաղ (xaġ, “marsh; impure, dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ха̏ла",
"3": "",
"4": "dirt, grime"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ха̏ла (“dirt, grime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skaláuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rinse"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "*-a",
"alt1": "*xa-",
"alt2": "*lěp-/*lip-",
"nocat": "1",
"t2": "sticky"
},
"expansion": "*xa- + *lěp-/*lip- (“sticky”) + *-a",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xajati",
"3": "*xati",
"4": "to reel, to stagger; to be concerned"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xati (“to reel, to stagger; to be concerned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*metělь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *metělь",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ша́лепа"
},
"expansion": "Russian ша́лепа (šálepa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ша́ліпа"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian ша́ліпа (šálipa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαλεπός",
"3": "",
"4": "difficult, harsh"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαλεπός (khalepós, “difficult, harsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "несго́да",
"3": "",
"4": "trouble, bad luck"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian несго́да (nesgóda, “trouble, bad luck”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Etymological hypotheses follow two lines of logic:\n* Petersson: Derived from *xal- + *-ěpa/*-ipa, cognate with South Slavic mythological creature *xala (“typhon, hail-bringer”) and possibly Armenian խաղ (xaġ, “marsh; impure, dirty”) (the later rejected by Vasmer). Berneker further adds as a potential cognate dialectal Serbo-Croatian ха̏ла (“dirt, grime”). Possibly akin to Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”).\n* Trubačev: Compound of *xa- + *lěp-/*lip- (“sticky”) + *-a. First element, perhaps from Proto-Slavic *xati (“to reel, to stagger; to be concerned”), *xajь (“trouble, cumbersome endeavour”). Compare analogous development in Proto-Slavic *metělь, *metělica (“blizzard”) from *mesti (“to sweep, to project”).\nPerhaps, parallel to ē-ablauted *šalěpa (“bad weather”), found in dialectal Russian ша́лепа (šálepa), Belarusian ша́ліпа (šálipa).\nA secondary meaning “trouble, hardship”, attested in Ukrainian and South Russian (Kursk oblast), may have been borrowed independently from Ancient Greek χαλεπός (khalepós, “difficult, harsh”) or has evolved via semantic shift alike Bulgarian несго́да (nesgóda, “trouble, bad luck”) - a negation of earleir *sъgoda (“good weather, proper time”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalěpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xalěpa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bad weather"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*dъžďь"
},
{
"english": "South Slavic",
"word": "*dьrča"
},
{
"english": "East Slavic",
"word": "*padorga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slush, mire"
],
"links": [
[
"slush",
"slush"
],
[
"mire",
"mire"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*slǫkъtь"
},
{
"word": "*kyša"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "xalipa"
},
{
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "šalěpa"
}
],
"word": "xalěpa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for xalěpa meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.