"verdъ" meaning in Proto-Slavic

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "harmful, malicious",
      "word": "verdьnъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to harm",
      "word": "verditi"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ве́рад"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ве́рад (vjérad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ве́рад (vjérad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ве́ред"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ве́ред (véred)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ве́ред (véred)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ве́ред"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ве́ред (véred)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ве́ред (véred)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "врѣдъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: врѣдъ (vrědŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: врѣдъ (vrědŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "вред"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: вред (vred)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: вред (vred) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "вред",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: вред (vred)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: вред (vred)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "вреда́",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: вреда́ (vredá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Bulgarian: вреда́ (vredá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ври̏јед",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ври̏јед",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ври̏јед (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "vrȉjed",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: vrȉjed",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: vrȉjed (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "vrèd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vrèd",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: vrèd (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "vřěd"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: vřěd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: vřěd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "vřed"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: vřed",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: vřed"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "Mistřice"
          },
          "expansion": "(Mistřice)",
          "name": "a"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Moravian (Mistřice): břet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "wrzód"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: wrzód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: wrzód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "wrzód"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: wrzód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: wrzód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "vred"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: vred",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: vred"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "ŕod"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: ŕod",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: ŕod"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "bŕód"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: bŕód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: bŕód"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to blister"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werd- (“to blister”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wer-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "vìrti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to boil"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian vìrti (“to boil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "apvir̂de",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blister"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian apvir̂de (“blister”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*wartǭ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wart"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*werd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werd-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to raise"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वर्धति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to grow, to elevate"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*verdьnъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "worthy, dignified"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *verdьnъ (“worthy, dignified”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The attested meaning wart seems to be from Proto-Indo-European *werd- (“to blister”), which could be a d-extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”) (compare Lithuanian vìrti (“to boil”), pres. stem vérdu). Cognate with Latvian apvir̂de (“blister”), Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”).\nThe expected outcome of Proto-Indo-European *werd- in Slavic would be an acute (probably mobile given the broken tone in Latvian) stem. There is some evidence of acute for the causative verb *verditi, but not for the noun. The attested data for the noun points instead towards a circumflex mobile stem (with -éрe- resolution of the *-er- cluster in East Slavic and neoacute in Serbo-Croatian). This outcome presumes origin from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”).\nIt is possible that both an acute and circumflex etymons existed at some point, which later merged together due to Meillet's law. Snoj presumes that the original meaning of the circumflex stem was sprout, outgrowth. This semantic nuance is attested in (South) Proto-Slavic *verdьnъ (“worthy, dignified”), though, it is not certain if this etymon is native or of borrowed origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vẽrdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdě̃xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "c",
        "g": "m",
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verdъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "wart, wound"
      ],
      "id": "en-verdъ-sla-pro-noun-23W7PD0H",
      "links": [
        [
          "wart",
          "wart"
        ],
        [
          "wound",
          "wound"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harm, malice"
      ],
      "id": "en-verdъ-sla-pro-noun-b8IKaafW",
      "links": [
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "malice",
          "malice"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) harm, malice"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj"
  ],
  "word": "verdъ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "harmful, malicious",
      "word": "verdьnъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to harm",
      "word": "verditi"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ве́рад"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ве́рад (vjérad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ве́рад (vjérad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ве́ред"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ве́ред (véred)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ве́ред (véred)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ве́ред"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ве́ред (véred)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ве́ред (véred)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "врѣдъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: врѣдъ (vrědŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: врѣдъ (vrědŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "вред"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: вред (vred)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: вред (vred) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "вред",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: вред (vred)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: вред (vred)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "вреда́",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: вреда́ (vredá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Bulgarian: вреда́ (vredá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ври̏јед",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ври̏јед",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ври̏јед (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "vrȉjed",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: vrȉjed",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: vrȉjed (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "vrèd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vrèd",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: vrèd (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "vřěd"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: vřěd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: vřěd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "vřed"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: vřed",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: vřed"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "Mistřice"
          },
          "expansion": "(Mistřice)",
          "name": "a"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Moravian (Mistřice): břet"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "wrzód"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: wrzód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: wrzód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "wrzód"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: wrzód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: wrzód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "vred"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: vred",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: vred"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "ŕod"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: ŕod",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: ŕod"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "bŕód"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: bŕód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: bŕód"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to blister"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werd- (“to blister”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wer-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "vìrti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to boil"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian vìrti (“to boil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "apvir̂de",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blister"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian apvir̂de (“blister”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*wartǭ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wart"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*werd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werd-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werdʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to raise"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वर्धति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to grow, to elevate"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*verdьnъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "worthy, dignified"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *verdьnъ (“worthy, dignified”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The attested meaning wart seems to be from Proto-Indo-European *werd- (“to blister”), which could be a d-extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”) (compare Lithuanian vìrti (“to boil”), pres. stem vérdu). Cognate with Latvian apvir̂de (“blister”), Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”).\nThe expected outcome of Proto-Indo-European *werd- in Slavic would be an acute (probably mobile given the broken tone in Latvian) stem. There is some evidence of acute for the causative verb *verditi, but not for the noun. The attested data for the noun points instead towards a circumflex mobile stem (with -éрe- resolution of the *-er- cluster in East Slavic and neoacute in Serbo-Croatian). This outcome presumes origin from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”).\nIt is possible that both an acute and circumflex etymons existed at some point, which later merged together due to Meillet's law. Snoj presumes that the original meaning of the circumflex stem was sprout, outgrowth. This semantic nuance is attested in (South) Proto-Slavic *verdьnъ (“worthy, dignified”), though, it is not certain if this etymon is native or of borrowed origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vẽrdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verdě̃xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "c",
        "g": "m",
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verdъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "sla-pro:Injuries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wart, wound"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wart",
          "wart"
        ],
        [
          "wound",
          "wound"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harm, malice"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "malice",
          "malice"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) harm, malice"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj"
  ],
  "word": "verdъ"
}