See vьlkъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "voŭk",
"word": "воўк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
}
],
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vivk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "вівк"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовкъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "voŭk",
"word": "воўк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
}
],
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vivk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "вівк"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "volk",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "волкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "volk",
"word": "волк"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭlkŭ",
"word": "вълкъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭkŭ",
"word": "влькъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭkŭ",
"word": "ⰲⰾⱐⰽⱏ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎlk",
"word": "вълк"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vlǎk",
"word": "влък"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "volk",
"word": "волк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ву̑к"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "vȗk"
},
{
"lang": "Slavomolisano",
"lang_code": "svm",
"word": "vuk"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vlk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vlk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "wilk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "wilk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wielk"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "våuk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wełk"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "wôłk"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vlk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wjelk"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "wjelk"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wilkás",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wilkás"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vь̑lkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̃lkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkomà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkomà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lcě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlcě̃xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "wolf cub",
"translation": "wolf cub",
"word": "vьlčę̀"
},
{
"english": "a small wolf",
"translation": "a small wolf",
"word": "vьlčiťь"
},
{
"english": "lupine",
"translation": "lupine",
"word": "vьlčьjь"
},
{
"english": "wolf meat and skin",
"translation": "wolf meat and skin",
"word": "vьlčìna"
},
{
"english": "werewolf",
"translation": "werewolf",
"word": "vьlkolakъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-vьlkъ-sla-pro-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "she-wolf",
"translation": "she-wolf",
"word": "vьlčìca"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "vьlkъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "wolf cub",
"translation": "wolf cub",
"word": "vьlčę̀"
},
{
"english": "a small wolf",
"translation": "a small wolf",
"word": "vьlčiťь"
},
{
"english": "lupine",
"translation": "lupine",
"word": "vьlčьjь"
},
{
"english": "wolf meat and skin",
"translation": "wolf meat and skin",
"word": "vьlčìna"
},
{
"english": "werewolf",
"translation": "werewolf",
"word": "vьlkolakъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "voŭk",
"word": "воўк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
}
],
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vivk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "вівк"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовкъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "voŭk",
"word": "воўк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
}
],
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vovk",
"word": "вовк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vivk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "вівк"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "volk",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "волкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "volk",
"word": "волк"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭlkŭ",
"word": "вълкъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭkŭ",
"word": "влькъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭkŭ",
"word": "ⰲⰾⱐⰽⱏ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎlk",
"word": "вълк"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vlǎk",
"word": "влък"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "volk",
"word": "волк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ву̑к"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "vȗk"
},
{
"lang": "Slavomolisano",
"lang_code": "svm",
"word": "vuk"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vlk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vlk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "wilk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "wilk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wielk"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "våuk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wilk"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wełk"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "wôłk"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vlk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wjelk"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "wjelk"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wilkás",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wilkás"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vь̑lkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̃lkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkomà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkomà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lcě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlkù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlcě̃xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "she-wolf",
"translation": "she-wolf",
"word": "vьlčìca"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:Canids"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "vьlkъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vьlkъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.