See tvarь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "тварь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: тварь (tvarĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: тварь (tvarĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "твар",
"gloss": "face"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: твар (tvar, “face”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: твар (tvar, “face”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тварь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: тварь (tvarʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: тварь (tvarʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "твар",
"gloss": "face (also)"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: твар (tvar, “face (also)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: твар (tvar, “face (also)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тварь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тварь (tvarĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тварь (tvarĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱐ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱐ (tvarĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱐ (tvarĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "твар"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: твар (tvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: твар (tvar) (literary)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "твар"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: твар (tvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: твар (tvar) (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "тва̑р",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: тва̑р",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: тва̑р"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "tvȃr",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: tvȃr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: tvȃr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "twôrz"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: twôrz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: twôrz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "tvář"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: tvář\nCzech: tvář",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: tvář\nCzech: tvář"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twarz"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: twarz\nPolish: twarz\nSilesian: twŏrz",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: twarz\nPolish: twarz\nSilesian: twŏrz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "tvár",
"gloss": "face"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: tvár (“face”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: tvár (“face”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "twaŕ"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: twaŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: twaŕ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "twaŕ"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: twaŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: twaŕ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*twōrˀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twōrˀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-",
"4": "*twōrH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *twōrH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvoriti",
"3": "*-ь"
},
"expansion": "*tvoriti + *-ь",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvorà",
"3": "",
"4": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tvorà (“fence”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twōrˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *twōrH-, equivalent to *tvoriti + *-ь. Cognate with Lithuanian tvorà (“fence”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvȃrь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьjù",
"roman": "tvařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьjù",
"roman": "tvařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tvȃrь",
"ap": "c",
"g": "f",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvarь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to make",
"word": "tvoriti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "creation, creature",
"word": "tvȏrъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "firm, hard, solid",
"word": "tvь̑rdъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "citadel, firmament",
"word": "tvьrdь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ь",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"creation, creature"
],
"id": "en-tvarь-sla-pro-noun-YILtKXZ6",
"links": [
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"face"
],
"id": "en-tvarь-sla-pro-noun-AoLZt59C",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"qualifier": "West Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Slavic) face"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tvarь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ь"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "тварь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: тварь (tvarĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: тварь (tvarĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "твар",
"gloss": "face"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: твар (tvar, “face”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: твар (tvar, “face”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тварь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: тварь (tvarʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: тварь (tvarʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "твар",
"gloss": "face (also)"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: твар (tvar, “face (also)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: твар (tvar, “face (also)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тварь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тварь (tvarĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тварь (tvarĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱐ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱐ (tvarĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱐ (tvarĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "твар"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: твар (tvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: твар (tvar) (literary)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "твар"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: твар (tvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: твар (tvar) (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "тва̑р",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: тва̑р",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: тва̑р"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "tvȃr",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: tvȃr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: tvȃr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "twôrz"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: twôrz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: twôrz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "tvář"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: tvář\nCzech: tvář",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: tvář\nCzech: tvář"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "twarz"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: twarz\nPolish: twarz\nSilesian: twŏrz",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: twarz\nPolish: twarz\nSilesian: twŏrz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "tvár",
"gloss": "face"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: tvár (“face”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: tvár (“face”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "twaŕ"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: twaŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: twaŕ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "twaŕ"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: twaŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: twaŕ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*twōrˀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twōrˀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-",
"4": "*twōrH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *twōrH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvoriti",
"3": "*-ь"
},
"expansion": "*tvoriti + *-ь",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvorà",
"3": "",
"4": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tvorà (“fence”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twōrˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *twōrH-, equivalent to *tvoriti + *-ь. Cognate with Lithuanian tvorà (“fence”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvȃrь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьjù",
"roman": "tvařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tvarьjù",
"roman": "tvařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃrьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tvari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tvȃri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tvȃrь",
"ap": "c",
"g": "f",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvarь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to make",
"word": "tvoriti"
},
{
"english": "creation, creature",
"word": "tvȏrъ"
},
{
"english": "firm, hard, solid",
"word": "tvь̑rdъ"
},
{
"english": "citadel, firmament",
"word": "tvьrdь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"creation, creature"
],
"links": [
[
"creation",
"creation"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"face"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"qualifier": "West Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Slavic) face"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tvarь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tvarь meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.