See stьklo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
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{
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"lang_code": "uk",
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"lang_code": "eve",
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"borrowed"
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},
{
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "stiekle",
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},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
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"borrowed"
],
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"lang_code": "esu",
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"borrowed"
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"word": "estikluuq"
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{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "eve",
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"borrowed"
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{
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],
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},
{
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "östüöküle",
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},
{
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"lang_code": "esu",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "estikluuq"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ru",
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"with paradigm leveling"
],
"roman": "sklo",
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"dialectal"
],
"word": "скло"
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{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "stikls"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "stĭklo",
"word": "стькло"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "stĭklěnica",
"word": "стьклѣница"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "stǎkló",
"word": "стъкло́"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "cklo",
"word": "цкло"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "staklo",
"word": "стакло"
},
{
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{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ста̀кло"
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{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "скло̏"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "цкло̏"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stàklo"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "sklȍ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "cklȍ"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stȁkło"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "sklo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "stklo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "skło"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "sckło"
},
{
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{
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"lang": "Belarusian",
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{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "šklo",
"word": "шкло"
}
],
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"lang_code": "zle-ort",
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"borrowed"
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"roman": "šklo",
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],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "szkło"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "śćkło"
},
{
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{
"descendants": [
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"lang_code": "be",
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"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
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],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "śkło"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "sklo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "škla"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
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}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
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}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"lang_code": "prg",
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"borrowed",
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],
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{
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"borrowed"
],
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}
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{
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"2": "got",
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},
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "cam",
"3": "",
"4": "glass"
},
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"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "جام",
"t": "cup",
"tr": "jâm"
},
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"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls). The original meaning was goblet, chalice which eventually shifted towards the material from which they were made. For a similar semantic development, compare Turkish cam (“glass”) < Persian جام (jâm, “cup”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklo",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklъmь",
"source": "declension",
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"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklomь",
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"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
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"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stьklo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"glass"
],
"id": "en-stьklo-sla-pro-noun-EyoaORzO",
"links": [
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "stьklo"
}
{
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{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
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"word": "скло"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "sklo",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Even",
"lang_code": "eve",
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"borrowed"
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"roman": "steklo",
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},
{
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "stiekle",
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{
"lang": "Yakut",
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "östüöküle",
"word": "өстүөкүлэ"
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"lang_code": "esu",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "estikluuq"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "stekló",
"word": "стекло́"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Even",
"lang_code": "eve",
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"borrowed"
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},
{
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
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"borrowed"
],
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},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "östüöküle",
"word": "өстүөкүлэ"
},
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"lang": "Yup'ik",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "estikluuq"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"with paradigm leveling"
],
"roman": "sklo",
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"dialectal"
],
"word": "скло"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "stikls"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "stĭklo",
"word": "стькло"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "stĭklěnica",
"word": "стьклѣница"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "stǎkló",
"word": "стъкло́"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "cklo",
"word": "цкло"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "staklo",
"word": "стакло"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ста̀кло"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "скло̏"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "цкло̏"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stàklo"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "sklȍ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "cklȍ"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stȁkło"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "sklo"
}
],
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"word": "stklo"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "skło"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "sckło"
},
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],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "śćkło"
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{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
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"word": "шкло"
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],
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}
],
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"word": "śkło"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "sklo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "škla"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "škla"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "stiklas"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "stikls"
},
{
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"lang_code": "prg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "sticlo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sticlă"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "cam",
"3": "",
"4": "glass"
},
"expansion": "Turkish cam (“glass”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "جام",
"t": "cup",
"tr": "jâm"
},
"expansion": "Persian جام (jâm, “cup”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls). The original meaning was goblet, chalice which eventually shifted towards the material from which they were made. For a similar semantic development, compare Turkish cam (“glass”) < Persian جام (jâm, “cup”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьklě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stьkla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stьklo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Gothic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Gothic"
],
"glosses": [
"glass"
],
"links": [
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "stьklo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stьklo meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.