See stǫpenь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "stupjénʹ",
"word": "ступе́нь"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "stupénʹ",
"word": "ступе́нь"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "stúpinʹ",
"word": "сту́пінь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "stǎ́pen",
"word": "стъ́пен"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "сту̑пањ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stȗpanj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "stupeň"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "stupenʹ",
"word": "ступень"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "stupeň"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "stupeň"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "felt boot",
"word": "stuṕeń"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "felt boot",
"word": "stupjeń"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stǫpьnь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stǫpьnь",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сту́пень",
"3": "",
"4": "type of footwear"
},
"expansion": "Russian сту́пень (stúpenʹ, “type of footwear”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the same root as *stǫpiti (“to step, tread”). Sorbian forms might instead be derived from Proto-Slavic *stǫpьnь and therefore be cognate to dialectal Russian сту́пень (stúpenʹ, “type of footwear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьje",
"roman": "stǫpeňe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьjь",
"roman": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьje",
"roman": "stǫpeňe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьjь",
"roman": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьjǫ",
"roman": "stǫpeňǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stǫpenь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rung, stair, step"
],
"id": "en-stǫpenь-sla-pro-noun-KgOJR~Hk",
"links": [
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"stair",
"stair"
],
[
"step",
"step"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "stepy"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ščeblь"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stǫpenь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "stupjénʹ",
"word": "ступе́нь"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "stupénʹ",
"word": "ступе́нь"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "stúpinʹ",
"word": "сту́пінь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "stǎ́pen",
"word": "стъ́пен"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "сту̑пањ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stȗpanj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "stupeň"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "stupenʹ",
"word": "ступень"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "stupeň"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "stupeň"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "felt boot",
"word": "stuṕeń"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "felt boot",
"word": "stupjeń"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stǫpьnь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stǫpьnь",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сту́пень",
"3": "",
"4": "type of footwear"
},
"expansion": "Russian сту́пень (stúpenʹ, “type of footwear”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the same root as *stǫpiti (“to step, tread”). Sorbian forms might instead be derived from Proto-Slavic *stǫpьnь and therefore be cognate to dialectal Russian сту́пень (stúpenʹ, “type of footwear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьje",
"roman": "stǫpeňe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьjь",
"roman": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьje",
"roman": "stǫpeňe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьjь",
"roman": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьjǫ",
"roman": "stǫpeňǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьju",
"roman": "stǫpeňu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpenьxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stǫpeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stǫpenь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stepy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns with multiple genders",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"glosses": [
"rung, stair, step"
],
"links": [
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"stair",
"stair"
],
[
"step",
"step"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ščeblь"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stǫpenь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stǫpenь meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.