"ryba" meaning in Proto-Slavic

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "рꙑба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: рꙑба (ryba), риба (riba)\nOld Ruthenian: рыба (ryba), риба (riba)\nBelarusian: ры́ба (rýba)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ры́ба (rŷ́ba)\nUkrainian: ри́ба (rýba)\nRussian: ры́ба (rýba)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: рꙑба (ryba), риба (riba)\nOld Ruthenian: рыба (ryba), риба (riba)\nBelarusian: ры́ба (rýba)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ры́ба (rŷ́ba)\nUkrainian: ри́ба (rýba)\nRussian: ры́ба (rýba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "рꙑба",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: рꙑба (ryba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: рꙑба (ryba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱃⱏⰺⰱⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰺⰱⰰ (ryba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰺⰱⰰ (ryba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ри́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ри́ба (ríba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ри́ба (ríba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "ри́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: ри́ба (ríba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: ри́ба (ríba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ри̏ба",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ри̏ба",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ри̏ба"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "rȉba",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: rȉba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: rȉba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "ríba",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: ríba",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ríba"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: ríba (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: ríba (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: ryba\nPolish: ryba\nSilesian: ryba",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: ryba\nPolish: ryba\nSilesian: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rsk",
            "2": "риба"
          },
          "expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: риба (riba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pannonian Rusyn: риба (riba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "råibo"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: råibo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: råibo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "rëba"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: rëba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: rëba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "rëba"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: rëba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: rëba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: ryba"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wremb-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to twist around"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wremb- (“to twist around”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*wrimpaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wince"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrimpaną (“to wince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ῥέμβω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to roam, to turn in circles"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to roam, to turn in circles”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*ryti",
        "3": "*-ba",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to dig, to snout"
      },
      "expansion": "*ryti (“to dig, to snout”) + *-ba",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*ruxъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "movement, deformation"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ruxъ (“movement, deformation”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₃rew-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hurry"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- (“to hurry”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*jūˀr-",
        "5": "water, swamp, pond"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀr- (“water, swamp, pond”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "jū́ra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian jū́ra (“sea”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "jūra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian jūra (“sea”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*juriti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to charge, to plunge"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *juriti (“to charge, to plunge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rūppa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "caterpillar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rūppa (“caterpillar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rubēta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bramble toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rubēta (“bramble toad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nThe central Indo-European word for \"fish\" *dʰǵʰu- (“fish”) (yielding Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús), Lithuanian žuvìs, Old Armenian ձուկն (jukn)) would have given Proto-Slavic v-stem **zy (genitive **zъve, accusative **zъvь), and was, as the theory goes, avoided by fishermen due to taboo, or because it would have sounded too similar to the verb *zъvati (“to call”).\nSome of the proposed etymologies include:\n* Toporov: From Early Proto-Slavic *rų̄bā, which is then comparable to *rębъ (“speckled, motley, variegated”), with fish scales being the semantic connection. For a similar development compare *pьstry (“salmonid fish”), originally \"the colorful/variegated one\" < *pьstrъ (“variegated”).\n* Loewenthal: From earlier *rų̄bā, but instead from Proto-Indo-European *wremb- (“to twist around”), akin to Proto-Germanic *wrimpaną (“to wince”), Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to roam, to turn in circles”). Doubted by Vasmer.\n* Vaillant: Perhaps originally a collection/action noun from *ryti (“to dig, to snout”) + *-ba, initially referring to the process “fishing” and later (by abstraction) to the yield “fish”.\n* Mladenov: Akin to Proto-Slavic *ruxъ (“movement, deformation”), *ryxlъ (“swift, quick”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- (“to hurry”).\n* Jakobson, Schmalstieg, Snoj: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀr- (“water, swamp, pond”), whence Lithuanian jū́ra (“sea”), Latvian jūra (“sea”) and perhaps akin to Proto-Slavic *juriti (“to charge, to plunge”), *jurъkъ (“whisk, agile”), with a rare metathesis *ūr- > *rū- + the suffix *-ba for forming abstract nouns.\nEarly scholars (Uhlenbeck, Berneker, Mikkola, Walde-Hofmann) had tentatively compared the Slavic word with Old High German rūppa (“caterpillar”) or Latin rubēta (“bramble toad”), which nowadays are commonly viewed as unrelated.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rỳba",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbama",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbamъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbojǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbama",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbamī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbasъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rỳba",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ryba",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "rybica"
        },
        {
          "word": "rybъka"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "diminutive"
          ],
          "word": "rybokъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "fisherman",
          "word": "rybařь"
        },
        {
          "english": "fisher",
          "word": "rybakъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "rybьnъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "rybavъ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective",
            "relative"
          ],
          "word": "ryběstъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fish"
      ],
      "id": "en-ryba-sla-pro-noun-tHSpmicF",
      "links": [
        [
          "fish",
          "fish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ryba"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "rybica"
    },
    {
      "word": "rybъka"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "rybokъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "fisherman",
      "word": "rybařь"
    },
    {
      "english": "fisher",
      "word": "rybakъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "rybьnъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "rybavъ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relative"
      ],
      "word": "ryběstъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "рꙑба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: рꙑба (ryba), риба (riba)\nOld Ruthenian: рыба (ryba), риба (riba)\nBelarusian: ры́ба (rýba)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ры́ба (rŷ́ba)\nUkrainian: ри́ба (rýba)\nRussian: ры́ба (rýba)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: рꙑба (ryba), риба (riba)\nOld Ruthenian: рыба (ryba), риба (riba)\nBelarusian: ры́ба (rýba)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ры́ба (rŷ́ba)\nUkrainian: ри́ба (rýba)\nRussian: ры́ба (rýba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "рꙑба",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: рꙑба (ryba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: рꙑба (ryba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱃⱏⰺⰱⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰺⰱⰰ (ryba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰺⰱⰰ (ryba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ри́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ри́ба (ríba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ри́ба (ríba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "ри́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: ри́ба (ríba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: ри́ба (ríba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ри̏ба",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ри̏ба",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ри̏ба"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "rȉba",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: rȉba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: rȉba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "ríba",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: ríba",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ríba"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: ríba (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: ríba (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: ryba\nPolish: ryba\nSilesian: ryba",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: ryba\nPolish: ryba\nSilesian: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rsk",
            "2": "риба"
          },
          "expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: риба (riba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pannonian Rusyn: риба (riba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "råibo"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: råibo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: råibo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "rëba"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: rëba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: rëba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "rëba"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: rëba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: rëba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: ryba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "ryba"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: ryba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: ryba"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wremb-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to twist around"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wremb- (“to twist around”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*wrimpaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wince"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrimpaną (“to wince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ῥέμβω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to roam, to turn in circles"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to roam, to turn in circles”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*ryti",
        "3": "*-ba",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to dig, to snout"
      },
      "expansion": "*ryti (“to dig, to snout”) + *-ba",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*ruxъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "movement, deformation"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ruxъ (“movement, deformation”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₃rew-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hurry"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- (“to hurry”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*jūˀr-",
        "5": "water, swamp, pond"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀr- (“water, swamp, pond”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "jū́ra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian jū́ra (“sea”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "jūra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian jūra (“sea”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*juriti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to charge, to plunge"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *juriti (“to charge, to plunge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rūppa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "caterpillar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rūppa (“caterpillar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rubēta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bramble toad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rubēta (“bramble toad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.\nThe central Indo-European word for \"fish\" *dʰǵʰu- (“fish”) (yielding Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús), Lithuanian žuvìs, Old Armenian ձուկն (jukn)) would have given Proto-Slavic v-stem **zy (genitive **zъve, accusative **zъvь), and was, as the theory goes, avoided by fishermen due to taboo, or because it would have sounded too similar to the verb *zъvati (“to call”).\nSome of the proposed etymologies include:\n* Toporov: From Early Proto-Slavic *rų̄bā, which is then comparable to *rębъ (“speckled, motley, variegated”), with fish scales being the semantic connection. For a similar development compare *pьstry (“salmonid fish”), originally \"the colorful/variegated one\" < *pьstrъ (“variegated”).\n* Loewenthal: From earlier *rų̄bā, but instead from Proto-Indo-European *wremb- (“to twist around”), akin to Proto-Germanic *wrimpaną (“to wince”), Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to roam, to turn in circles”). Doubted by Vasmer.\n* Vaillant: Perhaps originally a collection/action noun from *ryti (“to dig, to snout”) + *-ba, initially referring to the process “fishing” and later (by abstraction) to the yield “fish”.\n* Mladenov: Akin to Proto-Slavic *ruxъ (“movement, deformation”), *ryxlъ (“swift, quick”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- (“to hurry”).\n* Jakobson, Schmalstieg, Snoj: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀr- (“water, swamp, pond”), whence Lithuanian jū́ra (“sea”), Latvian jūra (“sea”) and perhaps akin to Proto-Slavic *juriti (“to charge, to plunge”), *jurъkъ (“whisk, agile”), with a rare metathesis *ūr- > *rū- + the suffix *-ba for forming abstract nouns.\nEarly scholars (Uhlenbeck, Berneker, Mikkola, Walde-Hofmann) had tentatively compared the Slavic word with Old High German rūppa (“caterpillar”) or Latin rubēta (“bramble toad”), which nowadays are commonly viewed as unrelated.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rỳba",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbama",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbamъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbojǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbama",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbamī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbasъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳbě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rỳby",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rỳba",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ryba",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "sla-pro:Fish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fish",
          "fish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ryba"
}