See rъžь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"f",
"1851"
],
"roman": "arža",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "аржа"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "riž",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ріж"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "rož",
"word": "рожъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via a Kipchak language"
],
"roman": "ariš",
"word": "արիշ"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "arış",
"word": "арыш"
},
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "арыш"
},
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "arış"
},
{
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"lang_code": "sjd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "rōšš’",
"word": "ро̄шшь"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "arış",
"word": "арыш"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "oruos",
"word": "оруос"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rožʹ",
"word": "рожь"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "rŭžĭ",
"word": "ръжь"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "rŭžĭ",
"word": "ръжь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "rŭžĭ",
"word": "ръжь"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rǎž",
"word": "ръж"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "’rž",
"word": "’рж"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ра̑ж"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "rȃž"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "réš"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rež"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "rež"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "raz"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "resz"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "res"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "rez"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "res"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "rez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "raž"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "raž"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "rež"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "rož"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rozs"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*rugís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrugʰís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rugỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rugỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rudzis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian rudzis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "rugis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian rugis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Related to Lithuanian rugỹs, Latvian rudzis, Old Prussian rugis, Proto-Germanic *rugiz (see Old Norse rugr, English rye).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъží",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьjù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъží",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьjù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъžь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye (plant)"
],
"id": "en-rъžь-sla-pro-noun-xVcRx7Y3",
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rъžь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"f",
"1851"
],
"roman": "arža",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "аржа"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "riž",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ріж"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "rož",
"word": "рожъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"via a Kipchak language"
],
"roman": "ariš",
"word": "արիշ"
},
{
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "arış",
"word": "арыш"
},
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "арыш"
},
{
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "arış"
},
{
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"lang_code": "sjd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "rōšš’",
"word": "ро̄шшь"
},
{
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "arış",
"word": "арыш"
},
{
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "oruos",
"word": "оруос"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rožʹ",
"word": "рожь"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "rŭžĭ",
"word": "ръжь"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "rŭžĭ",
"word": "ръжь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "rŭžĭ",
"word": "ръжь"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rǎž",
"word": "ръж"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "’rž",
"word": "’рж"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ра̑ж"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "rȃž"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "réš"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rež"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "rež"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "raz"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "resz"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "res"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "rez"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "res"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "rez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "reż"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "raž"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "raž"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "rež"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "rož"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rozs"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*rugís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrugʰís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "rugỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian rugỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rudzis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian rudzis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "rugis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian rugis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Related to Lithuanian rugỹs, Latvian rudzis, Old Prussian rugis, Proto-Germanic *rugiz (see Old Norse rugr, English rye).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъží",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьjù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъží",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžьjù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏žьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъ̏ži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъžь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:Grains"
],
"glosses": [
"rye (plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rъžь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rъžь meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-21 using wiktextract (b9d36ff and 0a198a9). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.