See pьkъlъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пькълъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пькълъ",
"3": "пьклъ",
"4": "пьцьлъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ), пьклъ (pĭklŭ), пьцьлъ (pĭcĭlŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ), пьклъ (pĭklŭ), пьцьлъ (pĭcĭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ (pĭkŭlŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ (pĭkŭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пъ́къл"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пе́кол",
"3": "пъке́л",
"4": "пъкя́л",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "пе́кол (pékol), пъке́л (pǎkél), пъкя́л (pǎkjál)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl); пе́кол (pékol), пъке́л (pǎkél), пъкя́л (pǎkjál) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пе́кол"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пе́кол (pékol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пе́кол (pékol)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "па̀као",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: па̀као",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: па̀као"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pàkao",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pàkao",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pàkao"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pəkə̀ł",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pəkə̀ł",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pəkə̀ł"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pəkə̀ł (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pəkə̀ł (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "piekieł",
"3": "pkieł"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: piekieł, pkieł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: piekieł, pkieł"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pâclă",
"bor": "1",
"t": "fog, mud"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: pâclă (“fog, mud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: pâclă (“fog, mud”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "pokol",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: pokol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: pokol"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pyculs",
"3": "",
"4": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "piķis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian piķis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìkis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πίσσα",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pix",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latin pix (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "peh",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch; misfortune, damnation"
},
"expansion": "Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, possibly borrowed from Germanic or Latin. Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”).\nMost modern descendants reflect meaning “hell, inferno”. This is a semantic loan from cognate Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьkъlo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьcьlъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pьkъlъ",
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "causative-itreative",
"word": "pьkъliti"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlica"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlina"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlenъ"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlьskъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"id": "en-pьkъlъ-sla-pro-noun-FnBj0yi-",
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*smola"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pьkъlъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "causative-itreative",
"word": "pьkъliti"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlica"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlina"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlenъ"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlьskъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пькълъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пькълъ",
"3": "пьклъ",
"4": "пьцьлъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ), пьклъ (pĭklŭ), пьцьлъ (pĭcĭlŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ), пьклъ (pĭklŭ), пьцьлъ (pĭcĭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ (pĭkŭlŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ (pĭkŭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пъ́къл"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пе́кол",
"3": "пъке́л",
"4": "пъкя́л",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "пе́кол (pékol), пъке́л (pǎkél), пъкя́л (pǎkjál)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl); пе́кол (pékol), пъке́л (pǎkél), пъкя́л (pǎkjál) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пе́кол"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пе́кол (pékol)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пе́кол (pékol)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "па̀као",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: па̀као",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: па̀као"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pàkao",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pàkao",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pàkao"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pəkə̀ł",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pəkə̀ł",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pəkə̀ł"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pəkə̀ł (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pəkə̀ł (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "piekieł",
"3": "pkieł"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: piekieł, pkieł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: piekieł, pkieł"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pâclă",
"bor": "1",
"t": "fog, mud"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: pâclă (“fog, mud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: pâclă (“fog, mud”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "pokol",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: pokol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: pokol"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pyculs",
"3": "",
"4": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "piķis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian piķis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìkis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πίσσα",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pix",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latin pix (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "peh",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch; misfortune, damnation"
},
"expansion": "Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, possibly borrowed from Germanic or Latin. Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”).\nMost modern descendants reflect meaning “hell, inferno”. This is a semantic loan from cognate Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьkъlo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьcьlъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pьkъlъ",
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*smola"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pьkъlъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pьkъlъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.