See pьkъlъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "пькълъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "пькълъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭklŭ",
"word": "пьклъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭcĭlŭ",
"word": "пьцьлъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic (Russian recension)",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "пькълъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎ́kǎl",
"word": "пъ́къл"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pékol",
"word": "пе́кол"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎkél",
"word": "пъке́л"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎkjál",
"word": "пъкя́л"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "pékol",
"word": "пе́кол"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "па̀као"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pàkao"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakȏl"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakál"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakãl"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakå̃"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "piekieł"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "pkieł"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "fog, mud",
"word": "pâclă"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pokol"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pyculs",
"3": "",
"4": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "piķis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian piķis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìkis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πίσσα",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pix",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latin pix (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "peh",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch; misfortune, damnation"
},
"expansion": "Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, possibly borrowed from Germanic or Latin. Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”).\nMost modern descendants reflect meaning “hell, inferno”. This is a semantic loan from cognate Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьkъlo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьcьlъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pьkъlъ",
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "causative-itreative",
"word": "pьkъliti"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlica"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlina"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlenъ"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlьskъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"id": "en-pьkъlъ-sla-pro-noun-FnBj0yi-",
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*smola"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pьkъlъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "causative-itreative",
"word": "pьkъliti"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlica"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlina"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlenъ"
},
{
"word": "pьkъlьskъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "пькълъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "пькълъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭklŭ",
"word": "пьклъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭcĭlŭ",
"word": "пьцьлъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic (Russian recension)",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"roman": "pĭkŭlŭ",
"word": "пькълъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎ́kǎl",
"word": "пъ́къл"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pékol",
"word": "пе́кол"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎkél",
"word": "пъке́л"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎkjál",
"word": "пъкя́л"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "pékol",
"word": "пе́кол"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "па̀као"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pàkao"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakȏl"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakál"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakãl"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pakå̃"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "piekieł"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "pkieł"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "fog, mud",
"word": "pâclă"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pokol"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*píkis"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pyculs",
"3": "",
"4": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "piķis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian piķis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pìkis",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πίσσα",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pix",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch"
},
"expansion": "Latin pix (“pitch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "peh",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch; misfortune, damnation"
},
"expansion": "Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, possibly borrowed from Germanic or Latin. Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”).\nMost modern descendants reflect meaning “hell, inferno”. This is a semantic loan from cognate Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьkъlo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*pьcьlъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъ̀lěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьkъlì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pьkъlъ",
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"pitch, resin"
],
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"resin",
"resin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*smola"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pьkъlъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pьkъlъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.