See pъlkъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "povk",
"word": "повк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pivk",
"word": "півк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Pulk"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulks"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "połk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Pulk"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulks"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "półk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Pulk"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulks"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pułk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полкъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полкъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pŭlkŭ",
"word": "пълкъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "plŭkŭ",
"word": "плъкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "plŭkŭ",
"word": "ⱂⰾⱏⰽⱏ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎlk",
"word": "пълк"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "пу̑к"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pȗk"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "połk"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pluk"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "*pełk"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "pluk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "połk"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pul̃kas"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pâlc"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "lng",
"3": "",
"4": "*fulc"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic *fulc",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "got",
"3": "*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a borrowing from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *fulką. According to Pronk-Tiethoff, the Slavic form indicates that the donor language must have lacked a-mutation, leaving only the relatively dubious Lombardic *fulc (unmutated fulcfre is attested, but the apparent lack of a-mutation here is unexpected and has been attributed to external influences) and the perhaps more likely Gothic *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) as possible candidates.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlcě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlcěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlče",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pъlkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"troop"
],
"id": "en-pъlkъ-sla-pro-noun-mzlJv9OD",
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pъlkъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "povk",
"word": "повк"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pivk",
"word": "півк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Pulk"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulks"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "połk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Pulk"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulks"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "półk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Pulk"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulks"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pułk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полкъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полкъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pŭlkŭ",
"word": "пълкъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "plŭkŭ",
"word": "плъкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "plŭkŭ",
"word": "ⱂⰾⱏⰽⱏ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pǎlk",
"word": "пълк"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "polk",
"word": "полк"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "пу̑к"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pȗk"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "połk"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pluk"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "*pełk"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "pluk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "połk"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pul̃kas"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pâlc"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "lng",
"3": "",
"4": "*fulc"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic *fulc",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "got",
"3": "*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a borrowing from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *fulką. According to Pronk-Tiethoff, the Slavic form indicates that the donor language must have lacked a-mutation, leaving only the relatively dubious Lombardic *fulc (unmutated fulcfre is attested, but the apparent lack of a-mutation here is unexpected and has been attributed to external influences) and the perhaps more likely Gothic *𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) as possible candidates.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlkoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlcě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlcěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlče",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pъlci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pъlkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Gothic",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Lombardic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Gothic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Lombardic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"troop"
],
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pъlkъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pъlkъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.