See pęstь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pęstĭ",
"word": "пѧсть"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pjascʹ",
"word": "пясць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pjastʹ",
"word": "пясть"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "pʺjástok",
"word": "п'я́сток"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pʺjastʹ",
"word": "п'ясть"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "pestník",
"word": "пестни́к"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "pesník",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "песни́к"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pèsnica"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "пѐсница"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pȅst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pèsnica"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "пѐсница"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "пе̏ст"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pěst"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "pěst"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "pąst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pięść"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "piyńść"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "pisc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "pjisc"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "päsť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "pěsć"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "pjasć"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*penkstis<unc>",
"id": "fist",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis?\nProto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*penkstis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pn̥kʷstis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "punch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kumštis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kumštis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fūsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūsti",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis?\nProto-Slavic *pęstь\nProbably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kumštis (with metathesis and loss of *p) and Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pę̑stь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьju",
"roman": "pęsťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьjь",
"roman": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьjǫ",
"roman": "pęsťǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьju",
"roman": "pęsťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęstь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-pęstь-sla-pro-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pęstь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pęstĭ",
"word": "пѧсть"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pjascʹ",
"word": "пясць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pjastʹ",
"word": "пясть"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "pʺjástok",
"word": "п'я́сток"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pʺjastʹ",
"word": "п'ясть"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "pestník",
"word": "пестни́к"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "pesník",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "песни́к"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pèsnica"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "пѐсница"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pȅst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pèsnica"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "пѐсница"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "пе̏ст"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pěst"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "pěst"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "pąst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pięść"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "piyńść"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "pisc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "pjisc"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "päsť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "pěsć"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "pjasć"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*penkstis<unc>",
"id": "fist",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis?\nProto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*penkstis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pn̥kʷstis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "punch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kumštis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kumštis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fūsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūsti",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis?\nProto-Slavic *pęstь\nProbably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kumštis (with metathesis and loss of *p) and Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pę̑stь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьju",
"roman": "pęsťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьjь",
"roman": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьjǫ",
"roman": "pęsťǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьju",
"roman": "pęsťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pęsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęstь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pęstь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pęstь meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.