See nuďa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "нужа"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: нужа (nuža)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: нужа (nuža)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ну́жа"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ну́жа (núža)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal?"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal?)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ну́жа"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну́жа (núža)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ну́жа"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ну́жа (núža)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal?"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal?)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nuża",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: nuża (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: nuża (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ноужда",
"3": "нѫжда"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ноужда (nužda), нѫжда (nǫžda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ноужда (nužda), нѫжда (nǫžda) (from *nǫďa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "нужда"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: нужда (nužda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: нужда (nužda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "нужда́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: нужда́ (nuždá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: нужда́ (nuždá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ну̏жда",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ну̏жда",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ну̏жда / nȕžda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "нужда"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: нужда (nužda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: нужда (nužda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "нуђа",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: нуђа",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: нуђа or нудја, нуја"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nuđa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nuđa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nuđa or nudja, nuja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "núja"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: núja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: núja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "nãdza",
"3": "nãza"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: nãdza, nãza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: nãdza, nãza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "núzě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: núzě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: núzě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "nouze"
},
"expansion": "Czech: nouze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: nouze"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "nędza"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: nędza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: nędza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nędza"
},
"expansion": "Polish: nędza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: nędza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "nyndza"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: nyndza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: nyndza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "núdza"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: núdza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: núdza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: nuza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: nuza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*neh₂w-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*neh₂ut-",
"4": "",
"5": "torment, misfortune"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *neh₂ut- (“torment, misfortune”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*neh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "the dead, corpse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“the dead, corpse”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *neh₂ut- (“torment, misfortune”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“the dead, corpse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nùďa",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďejǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nuďa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"need, necessity"
],
"id": "en-nuďa-sla-pro-noun-pMk6CIFD",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "nùditi"
},
{
"english": "to compel, to force",
"word": "nǫ̀diti"
},
{
"word": "nutiti"
},
{
"english": "to compel, to force",
"word": "nǫtiti"
},
{
"word": "nukati"
},
{
"english": "to urge, to incite",
"word": "nǫkati"
},
{
"english": "to yearn",
"word": "nyti"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nǫďa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "nuďa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "нужа"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: нужа (nuža)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: нужа (nuža)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ну́жа"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ну́жа (núža)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal?"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal?)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ну́жа"
},
"expansion": "Russian: ну́жа (núža)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Russian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ну́жа"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: ну́жа (núža)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic or dialectal?"
},
"expansion": "(archaic or dialectal?)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nuża",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: nuża (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: nuża (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ноужда",
"3": "нѫжда"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: ноужда (nužda), нѫжда (nǫžda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: ноужда (nužda), нѫжда (nǫžda) (from *nǫďa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "нужда"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: нужда (nužda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: нужда (nužda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "нужда́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: нужда́ (nuždá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: нужда́ (nuždá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ну̏жда",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ну̏жда",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ну̏жда / nȕžda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "нужда"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: нужда (nužda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: нужда (nužda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "нуђа",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: нуђа",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: нуђа or нудја, нуја"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nuđa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nuđa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nuđa or nudja, nuja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "núja"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: núja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: núja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "nãdza",
"3": "nãza"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: nãdza, nãza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: nãdza, nãza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "núzě"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: núzě",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: núzě"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "nouze"
},
"expansion": "Czech: nouze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: nouze"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "nędza"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: nędza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: nędza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nędza"
},
"expansion": "Polish: nędza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: nędza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "nyndza"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: nyndza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: nyndza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "núdza"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: núdza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: núdza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: nuza"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: nuza"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*neh₂w-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*neh₂ut-",
"4": "",
"5": "torment, misfortune"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *neh₂ut- (“torment, misfortune”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*neh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "the dead, corpse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“the dead, corpse”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *neh₂ut- (“torment, misfortune”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“the dead, corpse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nùďa",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďejǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nuďę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nuďa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "nùditi"
},
{
"english": "to compel, to force",
"word": "nǫ̀diti"
},
{
"word": "nutiti"
},
{
"english": "to compel, to force",
"word": "nǫtiti"
},
{
"word": "nukati"
},
{
"english": "to urge, to incite",
"word": "nǫkati"
},
{
"english": "to yearn",
"word": "nyti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *neh₂w-"
],
"glosses": [
"need, necessity"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nǫďa"
}
],
"word": "nuďa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nuďa meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.