See ně- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "не-"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: не- (nje-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: не- (nje-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "не́-"
},
"expansion": "Russian: не́- (né-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: не́- (né-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "нѣ-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: нѣ- (ně-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: нѣ- (ně-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ня-"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ня- (nja-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ня- (nja-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "не-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: не- (ne-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: не- (ne-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "не̏-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: не̏-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: не̏-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nȅ-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nȅ-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nȅ-, njȅ- (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ne-"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: ne-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: ne-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ně-"
},
"expansion": "Czech: ně-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: ně-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nie-"
},
"expansion": "Polish: nie-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: nie-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "nie-"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: nie-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: nie-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "ně-"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: ně-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: ně-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ně-"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: ně-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: ně-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ne",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*néh₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *néh₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nē",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "Latin nē (“not”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ना",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ना (nā, “not”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ně",
"3": "",
"4": "none"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ně (“none”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nėkas",
"3": "",
"4": "nobody particularly"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian nėkas (“nobody particularly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nekur̃s",
"3": "",
"4": "nowhere particularly"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian nekur̃s (“nowhere particularly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "*věděti",
"alt2": "*vě",
"t1": "not",
"t2": "to know"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”) + *vě (“to know”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "*byti",
"alt2": "*je",
"t1": "not",
"t2": "to be"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”) + *je (“to be”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ne",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pronoun prefix with indefinite function. Apparently related to forms of Proto-Indo-European *ne, however, uncertainly how:\n* One possibility is a direct descent from Proto-Indo-European *néh₁, cognate with Latin nē (“not”), Sanskrit ना (nā, “not”). The logic of this derivation is that *ně- originally reflected the meaning none particularly. In support of this hypothesis serves the rare autonomous form Proto-Slavic *ně (“none”) and analogous formations in Baltic: Lithuanian nėkas (“nobody particularly”), Lithuanian nekur̃s (“nowhere particularly”).\n* Alternatively, according to F. Mikloshich, from the conflation of *ne (“not”) + *vě (“to know”). Effectively, then *ně- would stand for unknowing who/what/where/how/etc. Vasmer considers this derivation phonetically unsound.\n* According to Trubachev, possibly from the conflation of *ne (“not”) + *je (“to be”). Similar to the dialectal *něměti (“not to have”) from Proto-Slavic *ne + *jьměti (“to have”).\nAlmost not used in Modern Polish. Old Polish did preserve niekako (“somehow”), etc. – in Modern Polish rarely used niejako, niejaki, etc.\nNot used in Ukrainian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ně-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ně-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "somebody",
"word": "někъjь"
},
{
"english": "somebody's",
"word": "něčьjь"
},
{
"english": "somebody, someone",
"word": "někъto"
},
{
"english": "something",
"word": "něčьto"
},
{
"english": "somehow",
"word": "někakъ"
},
{
"english": "several",
"word": "několiko"
},
{
"english": "sometime, once",
"word": "někogъda"
},
{
"english": "somewhere",
"word": "někъde"
},
{
"english": "to somewhere",
"word": "někǫda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"some- (with interrogatory pronouns)"
],
"id": "en-ně--sla-pro-prefix-fZNj~l~e",
"links": [
[
"some-",
"some-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "ně-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "somebody",
"word": "někъjь"
},
{
"english": "somebody's",
"word": "něčьjь"
},
{
"english": "somebody, someone",
"word": "někъto"
},
{
"english": "something",
"word": "něčьto"
},
{
"english": "somehow",
"word": "někakъ"
},
{
"english": "several",
"word": "několiko"
},
{
"english": "sometime, once",
"word": "někogъda"
},
{
"english": "somewhere",
"word": "někъde"
},
{
"english": "to somewhere",
"word": "někǫda"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "не-"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: не- (nje-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: не- (nje-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "не́-"
},
"expansion": "Russian: не́- (né-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: не́- (né-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "нѣ-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: нѣ- (ně-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: нѣ- (ně-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ня-"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ня- (nja-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ня- (nja-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "не-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: не- (ne-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: не- (ne-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "не̏-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: не̏-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: не̏-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "nȅ-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: nȅ-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: nȅ-, njȅ- (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ne-"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: ne-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: ne-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ně-"
},
"expansion": "Czech: ně-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: ně-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nie-"
},
"expansion": "Polish: nie-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: nie-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "nie-"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: nie-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: nie-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "ně-"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: ně-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: ně-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "ně-"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: ně-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: ně-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ne",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*néh₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *néh₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nē",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "Latin nē (“not”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ना",
"3": "",
"4": "not"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ना (nā, “not”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ně",
"3": "",
"4": "none"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ně (“none”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nėkas",
"3": "",
"4": "nobody particularly"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian nėkas (“nobody particularly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "nekur̃s",
"3": "",
"4": "nowhere particularly"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian nekur̃s (“nowhere particularly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "*věděti",
"alt2": "*vě",
"t1": "not",
"t2": "to know"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”) + *vě (“to know”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ne",
"3": "*byti",
"alt2": "*je",
"t1": "not",
"t2": "to be"
},
"expansion": "*ne (“not”) + *je (“to be”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ne",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pronoun prefix with indefinite function. Apparently related to forms of Proto-Indo-European *ne, however, uncertainly how:\n* One possibility is a direct descent from Proto-Indo-European *néh₁, cognate with Latin nē (“not”), Sanskrit ना (nā, “not”). The logic of this derivation is that *ně- originally reflected the meaning none particularly. In support of this hypothesis serves the rare autonomous form Proto-Slavic *ně (“none”) and analogous formations in Baltic: Lithuanian nėkas (“nobody particularly”), Lithuanian nekur̃s (“nowhere particularly”).\n* Alternatively, according to F. Mikloshich, from the conflation of *ne (“not”) + *vě (“to know”). Effectively, then *ně- would stand for unknowing who/what/where/how/etc. Vasmer considers this derivation phonetically unsound.\n* According to Trubachev, possibly from the conflation of *ne (“not”) + *je (“to be”). Similar to the dialectal *něměti (“not to have”) from Proto-Slavic *ne + *jьměti (“to have”).\nAlmost not used in Modern Polish. Old Polish did preserve niekako (“somehow”), etc. – in Modern Polish rarely used niejako, niejaki, etc.\nNot used in Ukrainian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ně-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ně-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic prefixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"some- (with interrogatory pronouns)"
],
"links": [
[
"some-",
"some-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "ně-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ně- meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.