"mьrviti" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See mьrviti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: By surface analysis, *mьrva + *-iti. Etymology templates: {{surf|sla-pro|*mьrva|*-iti|t1=}} By surface analysis, *mьrva + *-iti Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|-1}} Forms: aorist imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], mьrvľenьje [noun-from-verb], mьrviti [infinitive], mьrvitъ [supine], mьrvilъ [l-participle], aorist imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], mьrvľenъ [participle, passive, past], mьrvimъ [participle, passive, present], mьrvľь [active, participle, past], mьrvę [active, participle, present], aorist imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], mьrvixъ [aorist, first-person, singular], mьrvi [aorist, second-person, singular], mьrvi [aorist, singular, third-person], mьrvľǫ [first-person, present, singular], mьrviši [present, second-person, singular], mьrvitь [present, singular, third-person], mьrvixově [aorist, dual, first-person], mьrvista [aorist, dual, second-person], mьrviste [aorist, dual, third-person], mьrvivě [dual, first-person, present], mьrvita [dual, present, second-person], mьrvite [dual, present, third-person], mьrvixomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], mьrviste [aorist, plural, second-person], mьrvišę [aorist, plural, third-person], mьrvimъ [first-person, plural, present], mьrvite [plural, present, second-person], mьrvętь [plural, present, third-person], mьrvľaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], mьrvľaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], mьrvľaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], mьrvi [imperative, second-person, singular], mьrvi [imperative, singular, third-person], mьrvľaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], mьrvľaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], mьrvľaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], mьrvivě [dual, first-person, imperative], mьrvita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], mьrvľaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], mьrvľaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], mьrvľaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], mьrvimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], mьrvite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to crumble, pestle Wikipedia link: Oleg Trubachyov Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "lang_code": "uk",
          "roman": "mervyty",
          "word": "мервити"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "мр̏вити"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "mȑviti"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "word": "mrvit"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "word": "mierzwić"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "mirwić"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "word": "mrviť"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "mervic"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "hsb",
              "word": "mjeŕwić"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "mjerwiś"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mьrva",
        "3": "*-iti",
        "t1": ""
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, *mьrva + *-iti",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, *mьrva + *-iti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aorist imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľenьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvitъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvilъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aorist imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľenъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aorist imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvixъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvitь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvixově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvista",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvixomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvišę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьrviti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to crumble, pestle"
      ],
      "id": "en-mьrviti-sla-pro-verb-HFfv33tz",
      "links": [
        [
          "crumble",
          "crumble"
        ],
        [
          "pestle",
          "pestle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Oleg Trubachyov"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "mьrviti"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "lang_code": "uk",
          "roman": "mervyty",
          "word": "мервити"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "мр̏вити"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "mȑviti"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "word": "mrvit"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "word": "mierzwić"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "mirwić"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "word": "mrviť"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "mervic"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "hsb",
              "word": "mjeŕwić"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "mjerwiś"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mьrva",
        "3": "*-iti",
        "t1": ""
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, *mьrva + *-iti",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, *mьrva + *-iti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aorist imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľenьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvitъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvilъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aorist imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľenъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aorist imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvixъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvitь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvixově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvista",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvixomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrviste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvišę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvľaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mьrvite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьrviti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
        "Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to crumble, pestle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crumble",
          "crumble"
        ],
        [
          "pestle",
          "pestle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Oleg Trubachyov"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "mьrviti"
}

Download raw JSONL data for mьrviti meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.