See krěslo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "кресло"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: кресло (kreslo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: кресло (kreslo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "крэ́сла"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: крэ́сла (krésla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: крэ́сла (krésla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кре́сло",
"t": "armchair"
},
"expansion": "Russian: кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "крі́сло"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: крі́сло (kríslo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: крі́сло (kríslo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "křeslo"
},
"expansion": "Czech: křeslo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: křeslo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "krzesło"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: krzesło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: krzesło"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "krzesło",
"3": "krzasło",
"q2": "Middle Polish"
},
"expansion": "Polish: krzesło, (Middle Polish) krzasło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: krzesło, (Middle Polish) krzasło"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "krzasło"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: krzasło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: krzasło"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kreslo",
"3": "krieslo"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kreslo, krieslo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kreslo, krieslo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kréˀsla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kreh₁s-lo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kréˀsla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*krēˀslá",
"4": "",
"5": "arm-chair, chair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *krēˀslá (“arm-chair, chair”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreh₁s-lo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-slo",
"alt1": "*kret-"
},
"expansion": "*kret- + *-slo",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krė́slas",
"t": "arm-chair, chair"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krė́slas (“arm-chair, chair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krēsls",
"3": "krēsls/krę̂sls",
"t": "chair"
},
"expansion": "Latvian krēsls/krę̂sls (“chair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "creslan",
"t": "chair"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian creslan (“chair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kràstis",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kràstis (verb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kreša"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kreša",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla, from an earlier *kréˀslan, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m\n* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla;\n* Nikolaev: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krēˀslá (“arm-chair, chair”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m;\n* ESSJa: From *kretslo, from *kret- + *-slo, from Proto-Indo-European *kret-, variant of *kert- (“to spin, knit”);\n* Vaillant: From *kres-, further etymology is unclear, not related to *kresati;\n* Fraenkel: From *kres-/*kros- (“to braid/weave”);\n* Machek: From *krěptlo, from *krěpъ or *krěpiti. But usually the suffix is used with verbs and it would be **krěpidlo.\nCompare Lithuanian krė́slas (“arm-chair, chair”), Latvian krēsls/krę̂sls (“chair”), Old Prussian creslan (“chair”); also compare Lithuanian kràstis (verb), krãsė / krẽsė (“chair”), Latvian kreša, kreslis.\n* Baltic words are cognates (Vasmer, Fraenkel, Vaillant, Derksen)\n* Baltic words are borrowed (Brückner, ЭССЯ)\nCould be related to *krosno (“loom, weaving frame”), the rectangular form of which is reminiscent of chairs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krě̀slo",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěslo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"arm-chair, chair"
],
"id": "en-krěslo-sla-pro-noun-jrVVXTQB",
"links": [
[
"arm-chair",
"arm-chair"
],
[
"chair",
"chair"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stòlъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "krěslo"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "кресло"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: кресло (kreslo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: кресло (kreslo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "крэ́сла"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: крэ́сла (krésla)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: крэ́сла (krésla)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кре́сло",
"t": "armchair"
},
"expansion": "Russian: кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "крі́сло"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: крі́сло (kríslo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: крі́сло (kríslo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "křeslo"
},
"expansion": "Czech: křeslo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: křeslo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "krzesło"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: krzesło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: krzesło"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "krzesło",
"3": "krzasło",
"q2": "Middle Polish"
},
"expansion": "Polish: krzesło, (Middle Polish) krzasło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: krzesło, (Middle Polish) krzasło"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "krzasło"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: krzasło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: krzasło"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kreslo",
"3": "krieslo"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kreslo, krieslo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kreslo, krieslo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kréˀsla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kreh₁s-lo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kréˀsla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*krēˀslá",
"4": "",
"5": "arm-chair, chair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *krēˀslá (“arm-chair, chair”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreh₁s-lo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-slo",
"alt1": "*kret-"
},
"expansion": "*kret- + *-slo",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kret-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kret-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krė́slas",
"t": "arm-chair, chair"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krė́slas (“arm-chair, chair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krēsls",
"3": "krēsls/krę̂sls",
"t": "chair"
},
"expansion": "Latvian krēsls/krę̂sls (“chair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "creslan",
"t": "chair"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian creslan (“chair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kràstis",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kràstis (verb)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kreša"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kreša",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla, from an earlier *kréˀslan, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m\n* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla;\n* Nikolaev: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krēˀslá (“arm-chair, chair”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m;\n* ESSJa: From *kretslo, from *kret- + *-slo, from Proto-Indo-European *kret-, variant of *kert- (“to spin, knit”);\n* Vaillant: From *kres-, further etymology is unclear, not related to *kresati;\n* Fraenkel: From *kres-/*kros- (“to braid/weave”);\n* Machek: From *krěptlo, from *krěpъ or *krěpiti. But usually the suffix is used with verbs and it would be **krěpidlo.\nCompare Lithuanian krė́slas (“arm-chair, chair”), Latvian krēsls/krę̂sls (“chair”), Old Prussian creslan (“chair”); also compare Lithuanian kràstis (verb), krãsė / krẽsė (“chair”), Latvian kreša, kreslis.\n* Baltic words are cognates (Vasmer, Fraenkel, Vaillant, Derksen)\n* Baltic words are borrowed (Brückner, ЭССЯ)\nCould be related to *krosno (“loom, weaving frame”), the rectangular form of which is reminiscent of chairs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀slě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krě̀sla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krě̀slo",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěslo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"sla-pro:Chairs"
],
"glosses": [
"arm-chair, chair"
],
"links": [
[
"arm-chair",
"arm-chair"
],
[
"chair",
"chair"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stòlъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "krěslo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krěslo meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.