See kosa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for kosa meaning in Proto-Slavic (16.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hair loss",
"word": "kosopadъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "disease/infection affecting the scalp, favus",
"word": "kosopasъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "knob, lump on one's scalp (result of infection or deformation)",
"word": "kosapъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hairy, shaggy",
"word": "kosatъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "strand, tuft",
"word": "kosakъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kosorь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "каса́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "коассь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: коассь (kåss’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kildin Sami: коассь (kåss’)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀са",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòsa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòsa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kosa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kosa (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kósy",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kósy pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kósy pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kosa"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kaˀsā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to comb, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kasa",
"3": "",
"4": "braid"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kasa (“braid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kexti",
"3": "",
"4": "braided hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kexti (“braided hair”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb, scratch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kasa (“braid”) and akin to Old Prussian kexti (“braided hair”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kosà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kosà",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "lock of hair",
"word": "kosmъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "fur",
"word": "kozina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hair"
],
"id": "en-kosa-sla-pro-noun-TcIVm7oF",
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"english": "comb, scratcher",
"sense": "*česati (“to scratch (one's hair), to comb”)",
"word": "česadlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"english": "tool for scratching",
"sense": "*česati (“to scratch (one's hair), to comb”)",
"word": "česalъka"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"english": "combed",
"sense": "*česati (“to scratch (one's hair), to comb”)",
"word": "česanъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"english": "blond-haired",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "rusokosъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"english": "dark-haired",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "tьmьnokosъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"english": "white-haired, grizzled",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "bělokosъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"english": "with thick hair",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "čęstokosъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"english": "with bulky hair",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "kosovatъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"braided hair"
],
"id": "en-kosa-sla-pro-noun-uNaSaQmZ",
"links": [
[
"braided",
"braided"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kosa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "каса́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "ко̄сс",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: ко̄сс (kōss)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kildin Sami: ко̄сс (kōss)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κόσα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: κόσα (kósa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: κόσα (kósa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀са",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòsa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòsa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kósa",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kósa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kósa"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kósa (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kósa (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòsa"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòsa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťösă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ťösă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ťösă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôsa"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôsa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kósa"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kósa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kósa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kassa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kassa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kassa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "kasza",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: kasza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: kasza"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱos-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cassus",
"3": "",
"4": "hollow, lacking"
},
"expansion": "Latin cassus (“hollow, lacking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castrō",
"3": "",
"4": "to castrate"
},
"expansion": "Latin castrō (“to castrate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शस्त्र",
"3": "",
"4": "sword, dagger"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either etymologically identical with *kosa (“hair”) or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-, o-grade of *ḱes- (“to cut”), via depalatalization *ḱ → *k. Possibly related to Latin cassus (“hollow, lacking”), Latin castrō (“to castrate”), Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kosà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kosà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 23 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "scalpel",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kosica"
},
{
"english": "mowing",
"sense": "*kositi (“to mow”)",
"word": "kositьba"
},
{
"english": "mower",
"sense": "*kositi (“to mow”)",
"word": "kosařь"
},
{
"english": "mower",
"sense": "*kositi (“to mow”)",
"word": "kosьcь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scythe"
],
"id": "en-kosa-sla-pro-noun-w9hvIqfe",
"links": [
[
"scythe",
"scythe"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "weak, meager",
"word": "xudъ"
},
{
"english": "cut off, shortened, amputated",
"word": "sъkosenъ"
},
{
"sense": "*kosъ (“skew, slanted”)",
"tags": [
"indirect",
"oblique"
],
"word": "kosvenъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kosa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kes-"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "hair loss",
"word": "kosopadъ"
},
{
"english": "disease/infection affecting the scalp, favus",
"word": "kosopasъ"
},
{
"english": "knob, lump on one's scalp (result of infection or deformation)",
"word": "kosapъ"
},
{
"english": "hairy, shaggy",
"word": "kosatъ"
},
{
"english": "strand, tuft",
"word": "kosakъ"
},
{
"word": "kosorь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "каса́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "коассь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: коассь (kåss’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kildin Sami: коассь (kåss’)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀са",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòsa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòsa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kosa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kosa (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kósy",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kósy pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kósy pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kosa"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kaˀsā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to comb, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kasa",
"3": "",
"4": "braid"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kasa (“braid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kexti",
"3": "",
"4": "braided hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kexti (“braided hair”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb, scratch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kasa (“braid”) and akin to Old Prussian kexti (“braided hair”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kosà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kosà",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "comb, scratcher",
"sense": "*česati (“to scratch (one's hair), to comb”)",
"word": "česadlo"
},
{
"english": "tool for scratching",
"sense": "*česati (“to scratch (one's hair), to comb”)",
"word": "česalъka"
},
{
"english": "combed",
"sense": "*česati (“to scratch (one's hair), to comb”)",
"word": "česanъ"
},
{
"english": "lock of hair",
"word": "kosmъ"
},
{
"english": "fur",
"word": "kozina"
},
{
"english": "blond-haired",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "rusokosъ"
},
{
"english": "dark-haired",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "tьmьnokosъ"
},
{
"english": "white-haired, grizzled",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "bělokosъ"
},
{
"english": "with thick hair",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "čęstokosъ"
},
{
"english": "with bulky hair",
"sense": "*kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)",
"word": "kosovatъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Hair"
],
"glosses": [
"hair"
],
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"braided hair"
],
"links": [
[
"braided",
"braided"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kosa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "mowing",
"sense": "*kositi (“to mow”)",
"word": "kositьba"
},
{
"english": "mower",
"sense": "*kositi (“to mow”)",
"word": "kosařь"
},
{
"english": "mower",
"sense": "*kositi (“to mow”)",
"word": "kosьcь"
},
{
"english": "scalpel",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kosica"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "каса́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "ко̄сс",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: ко̄сс (kōss)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kildin Sami: ко̄сс (kōss)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κόσα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: κόσα (kósa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: κόσα (kósa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "коса́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "коса"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: коса (kosa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀са",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀са"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòsa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòsa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kósa",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kósa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kósa"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kósa (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kósa (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòsa"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòsa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťösă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ťösă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ťösă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôsa"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôsa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôsa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kósa"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kósa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kósa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kosa"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kosa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kosa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kassa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kassa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kassa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "kasza",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: kasza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: kasza"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱos-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cassus",
"3": "",
"4": "hollow, lacking"
},
"expansion": "Latin cassus (“hollow, lacking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "castrō",
"3": "",
"4": "to castrate"
},
"expansion": "Latin castrō (“to castrate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शस्त्र",
"3": "",
"4": "sword, dagger"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either etymologically identical with *kosa (“hair”) or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-, o-grade of *ḱes- (“to cut”), via depalatalization *ḱ → *k. Possibly related to Latin cassus (“hollow, lacking”), Latin castrō (“to castrate”), Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kosà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kosà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kosù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòsě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kosỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kosà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "weak, meager",
"word": "xudъ"
},
{
"english": "cut off, shortened, amputated",
"word": "sъkosenъ"
},
{
"sense": "*kosъ (“skew, slanted”)",
"tags": [
"indirect",
"oblique"
],
"word": "kosvenъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Tools"
],
"glosses": [
"scythe"
],
"links": [
[
"scythe",
"scythe"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kosa"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.