See grudьňь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrúdzjenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "гру́дзень"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrúdenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"word": "гру́день"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "hrúdenʹ",
"word": "гру́день"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrúdzjenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "гру́дзень"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrúdenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"word": "гру́день"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "grúdenʹ",
"sense": "December; November",
"word": "кгру́день"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "grúdenʹ",
"sense": "December; November",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "гру́день"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "grudĭnĭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "грудьнь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "grúdenʹĭ",
"sense": "December",
"word": "гру́ден҄ь"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "December",
"word": "grudzień"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "December",
"word": "grudziyń"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"sense": "November",
"word": "grudzień"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "September",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "hrudeň"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "grudĭnŭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "грудьнъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "grudĭnŭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "ⰳⱃⱆⰴⱐⱀⱏ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "grudĭnŭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "гроудьнъ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "grúden",
"sense": "November",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "гру́ден"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "December",
"word": "грудан"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "December",
"word": "grudan"
},
{
"lang": "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "gruden"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"sense": "December",
"word": "hruden"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruda",
"3": "*-ьňь",
"t1": "heap, lump"
},
"expansion": "*gruda (“heap, lump”) + *-ьňь",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gruda (“heap, lump”) + *-ьňь, i.e. the months where the ground is cold and congealed into uneven lumps.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grudьňь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьňь",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"December; November"
],
"id": "en-grudьňь-sla-pro-noun-DJNAe9dL",
"links": [
[
"December",
"December"
],
[
"November",
"November"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "grudьňь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrúdzjenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "гру́дзень"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrúdenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"word": "гру́день"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "hrúdenʹ",
"word": "гру́день"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "hrúdzjenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "гру́дзень"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hrúdenʹ",
"sense": "December",
"word": "гру́день"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "grúdenʹ",
"sense": "December; November",
"word": "кгру́день"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "grúdenʹ",
"sense": "December; November",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "гру́день"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "grudĭnĭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "грудьнь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "grúdenʹĭ",
"sense": "December",
"word": "гру́ден҄ь"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "December",
"word": "grudzień"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"sense": "December",
"word": "grudziyń"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"sense": "November",
"word": "grudzień"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "September",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "hrudeň"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "grudĭnŭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "грудьнъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "grudĭnŭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "ⰳⱃⱆⰴⱐⱀⱏ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "grudĭnŭ",
"sense": "November",
"word": "гроудьнъ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "grúden",
"sense": "November",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "гру́ден"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "December",
"word": "грудан"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "December",
"word": "grudan"
},
{
"lang": "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "gruden"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"sense": "December",
"word": "hruden"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruda",
"3": "*-ьňь",
"t1": "heap, lump"
},
"expansion": "*gruda (“heap, lump”) + *-ьňь",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gruda (“heap, lump”) + *-ьňь, i.e. the months where the ground is cold and congealed into uneven lumps.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudьňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grudьňь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьňь",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
"sla-pro:Months"
],
"glosses": [
"December; November"
],
"links": [
[
"December",
"December"
],
[
"November",
"November"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "grudьňь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grudьňь meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.