See govьno in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "говьно"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: говьно (govĭno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: говьно (govĭno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гаўно́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: гаўно́ (haŭnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: гаўно́ (haŭnó)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "говно́",
"3": "гомно́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: говно́ (govnó), гомно́ (gomnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: говно́ (govnó), гомно́ (gomnó)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "говно"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: говно (hovno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: говно (hovno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гівно́",
"3": "гімно́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: гівно́ (hivnó), гімно́ (himnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: гівно́ (hivnó), гімно́ (himnó)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "говно́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: говно́ (govnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: говно́ (govnó)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "го́мно"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: го́мно (gómno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: го́мно (gómno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "го́вно",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: го́вно",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: го́вно"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "góvno",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: góvno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: góvno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "góvno",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: góvno",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "góvno"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: góvno (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: góvno (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hovno"
},
"expansion": "Czech: hovno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: hovno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gówno"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: gówno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: gówno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gówno"
},
"expansion": "Polish: gówno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: gówno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "gōwno"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: gōwno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: gōwno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ďünă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ďünă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ďünă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "gòwno"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: gòwno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: gòwno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "gównô"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: gównô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: gównô"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "hovno"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: hovno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: hovno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "gowno"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: gowno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: gowno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "howno"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: howno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: howno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*gawāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *gawāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"alt1": "*govьno",
"alt2": "some noun",
"t1": "cow's"
},
"expansion": "*govьno (“cow's”) + some noun",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "aswinan",
"3": "aswinan (dadan)",
"t": "mare's milk"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian aswinan (dadan) (“mare's milk”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷewH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूथ",
"t": "feces"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha, “feces”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gawāˀ, of uncertain origin:\n* Originally \"cow dung\", from *govьno (“cow's”) + some noun, from adjective *govьnъ, from *gov-, from *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Old Prussian aswinan (dadan) (“mare's milk”). Related to *govędo (“cattlehead”), *gumьno (“threshing floor”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH-. Related to Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha, “feces”) and *gaviti (“to disgust”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "govьnò",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnò",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀nъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnò",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnъ̀mь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀něxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnò",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/govьno",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shit"
],
"id": "en-govьno-sla-pro-noun-hfwX9waa",
"links": [
[
"shit",
"shit"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*lajьno"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "govьno"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "говьно"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: говьно (govĭno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: говьно (govĭno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гаўно́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: гаўно́ (haŭnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: гаўно́ (haŭnó)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "говно́",
"3": "гомно́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: говно́ (govnó), гомно́ (gomnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: говно́ (govnó), гомно́ (gomnó)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "говно"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: говно (hovno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: говно (hovno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гівно́",
"3": "гімно́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: гівно́ (hivnó), гімно́ (himnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: гівно́ (hivnó), гімно́ (himnó)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "говно́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: говно́ (govnó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: говно́ (govnó)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "го́мно"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: го́мно (gómno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: го́мно (gómno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "го́вно",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: го́вно",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: го́вно"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "góvno",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: góvno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: góvno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "góvno",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: góvno",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "góvno"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: góvno (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: góvno (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hovno"
},
"expansion": "Czech: hovno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: hovno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gówno"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: gówno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: gówno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gówno"
},
"expansion": "Polish: gówno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: gówno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "gōwno"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: gōwno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: gōwno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ďünă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ďünă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ďünă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "gòwno"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: gòwno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: gòwno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "gównô"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: gównô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: gównô"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "hovno"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: hovno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: hovno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "gowno"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: gowno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: gowno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "howno"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: howno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: howno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*gawāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *gawāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"alt1": "*govьno",
"alt2": "some noun",
"t1": "cow's"
},
"expansion": "*govьno (“cow's”) + some noun",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "aswinan",
"3": "aswinan (dadan)",
"t": "mare's milk"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian aswinan (dadan) (“mare's milk”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷewH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गूथ",
"t": "feces"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha, “feces”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gawāˀ, of uncertain origin:\n* Originally \"cow dung\", from *govьno (“cow's”) + some noun, from adjective *govьnъ, from *gov-, from *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Old Prussian aswinan (dadan) (“mare's milk”). Related to *govędo (“cattlehead”), *gumьno (“threshing floor”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH-. Related to Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha, “feces”) and *gaviti (“to disgust”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "govьnò",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnò",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀nъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnò",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnъ̀mь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀něxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnò",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "govь̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "govьnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/govьno",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"sla-pro:Feces"
],
"glosses": [
"shit"
],
"links": [
[
"shit",
"shit"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*lajьno"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "govьno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for govьno meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.