See gorďaninъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gorožánin",
"word": "горожа́нин"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "horožányn",
"word": "горожа́нин"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "gorožaninŭ",
"word": "горожанинъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "gráždanin",
"word": "гра́жданин"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "graždanín",
"word": "граждани́н"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "graždaninŭ",
"word": "гражданинъ"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "graǵanin",
"word": "граѓанин"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "гра̏ђанин"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "grȁđanin"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "castle dweller",
"word": "grodzianin"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gȏrdъ",
"3": "*-janinъ",
"t1": "fortified settlement"
},
"expansion": "*gȏrdъ (“fortified settlement”) + *-janinъ",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bourgeois"
},
"expansion": "French bourgeois",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bürger"
},
"expansion": "German Bürger",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "citizen"
},
"expansion": "English citizen",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gȏrdъ (“fortified settlement”) + *-janinъ.\nModern descendants have become semantic loans of French bourgeois, German Bürger, English citizen - a meaning that is attested after the Renaissance.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gȏrďaninъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun-ěninъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďany?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninа",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanině",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďany?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gorďan"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun-ěninъ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*gorďaninъ",
"10": "*gorďaninu",
"11": "*gorďaninu",
"12": "*gorďaninoma",
"13": "*gorďaninoma",
"14": "*gorďanina",
"15": "*gorďane",
"16": "*gorďany?",
"17": "*gorďanъ",
"18": "*gorďanьxъ",
"19": "*gorďanьmъ",
"2": "*gorďaninъ",
"20": "*gorďany?",
"21": "*gorďane",
"3": "*gorďaninа",
"4": "*gorďanině",
"5": "*gorďaninu",
"6": "*gorďaninomь",
"7": "*gorďanine",
"8": "*gorďanina",
"9": "*gorďanina",
"title": "Declension of *gorďaninъ (hard o-stem, consonant stem)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorďaninъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-janinъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"townsman, burgher (resident of a fortified settlement: town, fortress, guard)"
],
"id": "en-gorďaninъ-sla-pro-noun-tVNj5Hyc",
"links": [
[
"townsman",
"townsman"
],
[
"burgher",
"burgher"
],
[
"town",
"town#English"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress#English"
],
[
"guard",
"guard#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "town-dwelling",
"sense": "*gorďanъ",
"translation": "town-dwelling",
"word": "gorďanьstvo"
},
{
"roman": "haradčánin",
"sense": "*gordьčaninъ",
"tags": [
"Belarusian"
],
"word": "гарадча́нін"
},
{
"roman": "haradžánin",
"sense": "*gordьčaninъ",
"tags": [
"Belarusian"
],
"word": "гараджа́нін"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gorďaninъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gorožánin",
"word": "горожа́нин"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "horožányn",
"word": "горожа́нин"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "gorožaninŭ",
"word": "горожанинъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "gráždanin",
"word": "гра́жданин"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "graždanín",
"word": "граждани́н"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "graždaninŭ",
"word": "гражданинъ"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "graǵanin",
"word": "граѓанин"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "гра̏ђанин"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "grȁđanin"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "castle dweller",
"word": "grodzianin"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gȏrdъ",
"3": "*-janinъ",
"t1": "fortified settlement"
},
"expansion": "*gȏrdъ (“fortified settlement”) + *-janinъ",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bourgeois"
},
"expansion": "French bourgeois",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bürger"
},
"expansion": "German Bürger",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "citizen"
},
"expansion": "English citizen",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gȏrdъ (“fortified settlement”) + *-janinъ.\nModern descendants have become semantic loans of French bourgeois, German Bürger, English citizen - a meaning that is attested after the Renaissance.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gȏrďaninъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun-ěninъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďany?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninа",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanině",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďaninoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďany?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďanina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gorďane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gorďan"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun-ěninъ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*gorďaninъ",
"10": "*gorďaninu",
"11": "*gorďaninu",
"12": "*gorďaninoma",
"13": "*gorďaninoma",
"14": "*gorďanina",
"15": "*gorďane",
"16": "*gorďany?",
"17": "*gorďanъ",
"18": "*gorďanьxъ",
"19": "*gorďanьmъ",
"2": "*gorďaninъ",
"20": "*gorďany?",
"21": "*gorďane",
"3": "*gorďaninа",
"4": "*gorďanině",
"5": "*gorďaninu",
"6": "*gorďaninomь",
"7": "*gorďanine",
"8": "*gorďanina",
"9": "*gorďanina",
"title": "Declension of *gorďaninъ (hard o-stem, consonant stem)"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorďaninъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "town-dwelling",
"sense": "*gorďanъ",
"translation": "town-dwelling",
"word": "gorďanьstvo"
},
{
"roman": "haradčánin",
"sense": "*gordьčaninъ",
"tags": [
"Belarusian"
],
"word": "гарадча́нін"
},
{
"roman": "haradžánin",
"sense": "*gordьčaninъ",
"tags": [
"Belarusian"
],
"word": "гараджа́нін"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-janinъ",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c"
],
"glosses": [
"townsman, burgher (resident of a fortified settlement: town, fortress, guard)"
],
"links": [
[
"townsman",
"townsman"
],
[
"burgher",
"burgher"
],
[
"town",
"town#English"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress#English"
],
[
"guard",
"guard#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gorďaninъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gorďaninъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.