"gobino" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See gobino in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Traditionally viewed as an early borrowing from Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 (gabei, “wealth”) (*-n- from the oblique ending), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give”). A minority view presumes native origin from sparsely attested *gobь + *-ino, perhaps cognate with Lithuanian Gãbis m, Gabijà f (“fire deity”) (mythological) and akin to gãbas (“greed”), gabùs/gobùs (“greedy”), gabúoti (“to act greedily”). According to some interpretations, may share origin with Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize”), Lithuanian guõbti (“to gather up”). Etymology templates: {{bor|sla-pro|got|𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹||wealth}} Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 (gabei, “wealth”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*gʰebʰ-||to give}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give”), {{affix|sla-pro|*gobь|*-ino}} *gobь + *-ino, {{cog|lt|Gãbis|g=m}} Lithuanian Gãbis m, {{q|mythological}} (mythological), {{cog|sla-pro|*gabati||to seize}} Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize”), {{cog|lt|guõbti||to gather up}} Lithuanian guõbti (“to gather up”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gobino [nominative, singular], gobině [dual, nominative], gobina [nominative, plural], gobina [genitive, singular], gobinu [dual, genitive], gobinъ [genitive, plural], gobinu [dative, singular], gobinoma [dative, dual], gobinomъ [dative, plural], gobino [accusative, singular], gobině [accusative, dual], gobina [accusative, plural], gobinъmь [instrumental, singular], gobinomь [instrumental, singular], gobinoma [dual, instrumental], gobiny [instrumental, plural], gobině [locative, singular], gobinu [dual, locative], gobiněxъ [locative, plural], gobino [singular, vocative], gobině [dual, vocative], gobina [plural, vocative]
  1. abundance Tags: neuter, reconstruction Synonyms: *obilьje Related terms (*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)): gobьdzьje (english: abundance), gobьdziti (english: to make abundant), gobьdzěti (english: to be abundant), gobьdzovati (english: to get abundant)
    Sense id: en-gobino-sla-pro-noun-sVOSeHXT Disambiguation of '*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)': 75 25
  2. wealth Tags: neuter, reconstruction Synonyms: *bogatьstvo
    Sense id: en-gobino-sla-pro-noun-c5v0hPfx Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ino Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 40 60 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 15 85 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 17 83 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ino: 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: gobina (alt: ā-stem) [feminine], gobiňa (jā-stem) [feminine] Related terms: gobь (english: prosperity (?))
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "гобино",
            "3": "гобина",
            "g2": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: гобино (gobino), гобина f (gobina)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: гобино (gobino), гобина f (gobina)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "гобина",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: гобина f (gobina)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: гобина f (gobina) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "гобино"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: гобино (gobino)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: гобино (gobino)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гобино",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "spelt"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гобино (“spelt”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гобино (“spelt”); го̀бӣња f (“wreath”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "gobino",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "spelt"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: gobino (“spelt”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: gobino (“spelt”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wealth"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 (gabei, “wealth”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰebʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to give"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*gobь",
        "3": "*-ino"
      },
      "expansion": "*gobь + *-ino",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "Gãbis",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian Gãbis m",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mythological"
      },
      "expansion": "(mythological)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*gabati",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seize"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "guõbti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gather up"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian guõbti (“to gather up”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally viewed as an early borrowing from Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 (gabei, “wealth”) (*-n- from the oblique ending), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give”). A minority view presumes native origin from sparsely attested *gobь + *-ino, perhaps cognate with Lithuanian Gãbis m, Gabijà f (“fire deity”) (mythological) and akin to gãbas (“greed”), gabùs/gobùs (“greedy”), gabúoti (“to act greedily”).\nAccording to some interpretations, may share origin with Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize”), Lithuanian guõbti (“to gather up”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobino",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinomъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobino",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobiny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobiněxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobino",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gobino",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "prosperity (?)",
      "word": "gobь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "abundance"
      ],
      "id": "en-gobino-sla-pro-noun-sVOSeHXT",
      "links": [
        [
          "abundance",
          "abundance"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "75 25",
          "english": "abundance",
          "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
          "word": "gobьdzьje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 25",
          "english": "to make abundant",
          "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
          "word": "gobьdziti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 25",
          "english": "to be abundant",
          "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
          "word": "gobьdzěti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "75 25",
          "english": "to get abundant",
          "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
          "word": "gobьdzovati"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*obilьje"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ino",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wealth"
      ],
      "id": "en-gobino-sla-pro-noun-c5v0hPfx",
      "links": [
        [
          "wealth",
          "wealth"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*bogatьstvo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "ā-stem",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gobina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jā-stem",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gobiňa"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "gobino"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Gothic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Gothic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ino",
    "Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "гобино",
            "3": "гобина",
            "g2": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: гобино (gobino), гобина f (gobina)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: гобино (gobino), гобина f (gobina)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "гобина",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: гобина f (gobina)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: гобина f (gobina) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "гобино"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: гобино (gobino)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: гобино (gobino)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гобино",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "spelt"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гобино (“spelt”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гобино (“spelt”); го̀бӣња f (“wreath”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "gobino",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "spelt"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: gobino (“spelt”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: gobino (“spelt”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wealth"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 (gabei, “wealth”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰebʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to give"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*gobь",
        "3": "*-ino"
      },
      "expansion": "*gobь + *-ino",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "Gãbis",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian Gãbis m",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mythological"
      },
      "expansion": "(mythological)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*gabati",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seize"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "guõbti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gather up"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian guõbti (“to gather up”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally viewed as an early borrowing from Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 (gabei, “wealth”) (*-n- from the oblique ending), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give”). A minority view presumes native origin from sparsely attested *gobь + *-ino, perhaps cognate with Lithuanian Gãbis m, Gabijà f (“fire deity”) (mythological) and akin to gãbas (“greed”), gabùs/gobùs (“greedy”), gabúoti (“to act greedily”).\nAccording to some interpretations, may share origin with Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize”), Lithuanian guõbti (“to gather up”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobino",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinomъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobino",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobiny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobinu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobiněxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobino",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobině",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gobina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gobino",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "prosperity (?)",
      "word": "gobь"
    },
    {
      "english": "abundance",
      "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
      "word": "gobьdzьje"
    },
    {
      "english": "to make abundant",
      "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
      "word": "gobьdziti"
    },
    {
      "english": "to be abundant",
      "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
      "word": "gobьdzěti"
    },
    {
      "english": "to get abundant",
      "sense": "*gobьdzъ, *gobigъ (“abundant”)",
      "word": "gobьdzovati"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "abundance"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abundance",
          "abundance"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*obilьje"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wealth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wealth",
          "wealth"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*bogatьstvo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "alt": "ā-stem",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gobina"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jā-stem",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gobiňa"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "gobino"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gobino meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.