See gъlkъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "hólka",
"word": "го́лка"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "golk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "голк"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "gŭlka",
"word": "гълка"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "hólka",
"word": "го́лка"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "golk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "голк"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "golka",
"word": "голка"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"roman": "glŭkŭ",
"word": "глъкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"raw_tags": [
"f",
"Russian recension"
],
"roman": "glŭka",
"word": "глъка"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"raw_tags": [
"Czech recension"
],
"roman": "glŭkŭ",
"word": "глъкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "glǎk",
"word": "глък"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "glǎč",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "глъч"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "гу̏ка"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "gȕka"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "hluk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "hluk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "zgiełk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "giełk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "zgiełk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "giełch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "zgiełk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "giełg"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "giyłk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "giełk"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hluk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "hołk"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "holcă"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*gъlka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*gъlčь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlcě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlcěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъlkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to bark, yelp",
"translation": "to bark, yelp",
"word": "gъlkati"
},
{
"english": "to scold, to yell",
"translation": "to scold, to yell",
"word": "gъlčati"
},
{
"english": "to shout",
"translation": "to shout",
"word": "gъlčiti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noise, cackle"
],
"id": "en-gъlkъ-sla-pro-noun-y8TwjVfb",
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"cackle",
"cackle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gъlkъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to bark, yelp",
"translation": "to bark, yelp",
"word": "gъlkati"
},
{
"english": "to scold, to yell",
"translation": "to scold, to yell",
"word": "gъlčati"
},
{
"english": "to shout",
"translation": "to shout",
"word": "gъlčiti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "hólka",
"word": "го́лка"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "golk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "голк"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "gŭlka",
"word": "гълка"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "hólka",
"word": "го́лка"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "golk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "голк"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "golka",
"word": "голка"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"roman": "glŭkŭ",
"word": "глъкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"raw_tags": [
"f",
"Russian recension"
],
"roman": "glŭka",
"word": "глъка"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"raw_tags": [
"Czech recension"
],
"roman": "glŭkŭ",
"word": "глъкъ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "glǎk",
"word": "глък"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "glǎč",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "глъч"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "гу̏ка"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "gȕka"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "hluk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "hluk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "zgiełk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "giełk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "zgiełk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "giełch"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "zgiełk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "giełg"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "giyłk"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "giełk"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hluk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "hołk"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "holcă"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*gъlka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*gъlčь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlkoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlcě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlcěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gъlci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъlkъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
"sla-pro:Sounds"
],
"glosses": [
"noise, cackle"
],
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"cackle",
"cackle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gъlkъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gъlkъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (19bd8d3 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.