See esi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jesí",
"word": "еси́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "jesý",
"word": "єси́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "jesi",
"word": "еси"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "jesi",
"word": "еси"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "jesi",
"word": "ѥси"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "si",
"word": "си"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "si",
"word": "си"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "јѐси"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "си"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "jèsi"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "si"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "si"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "iezi"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "jsi"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "jsi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jesteś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jest jeś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jesteś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jesteś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jesteś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jeś jest"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "jeś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ši",
"word": "ши"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "si"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "si"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "sy"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "sy"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ési"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ési",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ési"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "esì"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian esi̇̀",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "esi"
},
"expansion": "Latvian esi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "essei"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian essei",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "असि",
"tr": "ási"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit असि (ási)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬵𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬌 (ahi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ես"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ես (es)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐσσί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐσσί (essí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Latin es",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ési, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, verb form of *h₁ésti.\nCognate with\nLithuanian esi̇̀,\nLatvian esi,\nOld Prussian essei.\nFurther\nSanskrit असि (ási),\nAvestan 𐬀𐬵𐬌 (ahi),\nOld Armenian ես (es),\nAncient Greek ἐσσί (essí),\nLatin es.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*esi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "byti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present of *byti"
],
"id": "en-esi-sla-pro-verb-QuOMhQac",
"links": [
[
"*byti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esi"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jesí",
"word": "еси́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "jesý",
"word": "єси́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "jesi",
"word": "еси"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "jesi",
"word": "еси"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "jesi",
"word": "ѥси"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "si",
"word": "си"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "si",
"word": "си"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "јѐси"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "си"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "jèsi"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "si"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "si"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "iezi"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "jsi"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "jsi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jesteś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jest jeś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jesteś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jesteś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jesteś"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jeś jest"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "jeś"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ši",
"word": "ши"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "si"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "si"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "sy"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "sy"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ési"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ési",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ési"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "esì"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian esi̇̀",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "esi"
},
"expansion": "Latvian esi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "essei"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian essei",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "असि",
"tr": "ási"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit असि (ási)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬵𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬌 (ahi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ես"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ես (es)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐσσί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐσσί (essí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "Latin es",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ési, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, verb form of *h₁ésti.\nCognate with\nLithuanian esi̇̀,\nLatvian esi,\nOld Prussian essei.\nFurther\nSanskrit असि (ási),\nAvestan 𐬀𐬵𐬌 (ahi),\nOld Armenian ես (es),\nAncient Greek ἐσσί (essí),\nLatin es.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*esi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verb forms",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "byti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present of *byti"
],
"links": [
[
"*byti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for esi meaning in Proto-Slavic (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.