See dręzga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дрязги"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дрязги (drjazgi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дрязги (drjazgi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дрязга"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: дрязга (drjazga)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "either from Russian or a back-formation from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*dręzgavъ</i>"
},
"expansion": "(either from Russian or a back-formation from *dręzgavъ)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: дрязга (drjazga) (either from Russian or a back-formation from *dręzgavъ)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰren-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*drenskāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *drenskāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰren-",
"t": "to buzz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰren- (“to buzz”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-zgъ"
},
"expansion": "*-zgъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्रणति",
"t": "to sound",
"tr": "dhráṇati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drésacht",
"t": "crackling, noise"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trensen",
"t": "to make a prolonged moo"
},
"expansion": "German trensen (“to make a prolonged moo”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drenzen",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drenzen (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρῆνος",
"t": "lamentation for the deceased"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drēnuz",
"3": "",
"4": "drone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drēnuz (“drone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃",
"t": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "droanse",
"t": "corncrake"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drenskāˀ, of onomatopoeic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰren- (“to buzz”) + *-zgъ.\nProbably related to Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make a prolonged moo”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), Proto-Germanic *drēnuz (“drone”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”), Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dręzga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 27 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-zgъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "hoarse, husky (for voice)",
"word": "dręzgavъ"
},
{
"english": "to rattle, to scold, to argue",
"word": "dręzgati"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scuffle, squabble"
],
"id": "en-dręzga-sla-pro-noun-uBPQoXL3",
"links": [
[
"scuffle",
"scuffle"
],
[
"squabble",
"squabble"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to clatter",
"sense": "*drьnъ (“clang, tang”)",
"word": "dьrnъkati"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vьrěva"
},
{
"word": "*karanica"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly"
],
"word": "dręzgъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dręzga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "grove",
"word": "dręzgakъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дря́згa"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дря́згa (drjázga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дря́згa (drjázga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "дрáзгa"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: дрáзгa (drázha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: дрáзгa (drázha) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дрѧзга"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: дрѧзга",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: дрѧзга"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дре́зга",
"3": "дрезга́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: дре́зга (drézga), дрезга́ (drezgá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: дре́зга (drézga), дрезга́ (drezgá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дрезда́к",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: дрезда́к (drezdák)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-"
},
"expansion": "(via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: дрезда́к (drezdák), dial. дръзда́к (drǎzdák) (via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "drzęzg",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Polish: drzęzg m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Polish: drzęzg m (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "drezka",
"t": "snot, branch"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: drezka (“snot, branch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: drezka (“snot, branch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "Drežďany",
"der": "1",
"t": "forest dwellers"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Upper Sorbian: Drežďany (“forest dwellers”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Upper Sorbian: Drežďany (“forest dwellers”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dresden",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Dresden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Dresden"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreng-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*drengskāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *drengskāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drǫgъ",
"3": "*-zgъ",
"4": "*-a",
"t1": "pole, branch"
},
"expansion": "*drǫgъ (“pole, branch”) + *-zgъ + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreng-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shove, to drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreng- (“to shove, to drink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dréngti",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear, to rub"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dréngti (“to tear, to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drankiz",
"3": "",
"4": "sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drangijaz",
"3": "",
"4": "stake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drangijaz (“stake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drězga",
"3": "",
"4": "murky, muddy place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *drězga (“murky, muddy place”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drengskāˀ, probably equivalent to the e-grade of *drǫgъ (“pole, branch”) + *-zgъ + *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreng- (“to shove, to drink”)/*dʰrengʰ- (“stake”). Possibly akin to Lithuanian dréngti (“to tear, to rub”) and Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink”), Proto-Germanic *drangijaz (“stake”). In some dialects overlapping with Proto-Slavic *drězga (“murky, muddy place”).\nSemantically similar to *dьraka (“bush, scrubs”) but the two are likely unrelated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drę̀zga",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dręzga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to poke",
"word": "dręgati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 27 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-zgъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"small forest, grove"
],
"id": "en-dręzga-sla-pro-noun-KUAtnuKc",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"grove",
"grove"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 27 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-zgъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"swamp, damp place"
],
"id": "en-dręzga-sla-pro-noun-NgKRFCDV",
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
],
[
"damp",
"damp"
],
[
"place",
"place"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dręzga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰren-",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreng-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-zgъ",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
"sla-pro:Forests"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "hoarse, husky (for voice)",
"word": "dręzgavъ"
},
{
"english": "to rattle, to scold, to argue",
"word": "dręzgati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дрязги"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дрязги (drjazgi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дрязги (drjazgi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дрязга"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: дрязга (drjazga)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "either from Russian or a back-formation from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*dręzgavъ</i>"
},
"expansion": "(either from Russian or a back-formation from *dręzgavъ)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: дрязга (drjazga) (either from Russian or a back-formation from *dręzgavъ)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰren-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*drenskāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *drenskāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰren-",
"t": "to buzz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰren- (“to buzz”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-zgъ"
},
"expansion": "*-zgъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्रणति",
"t": "to sound",
"tr": "dhráṇati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drésacht",
"t": "crackling, noise"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trensen",
"t": "to make a prolonged moo"
},
"expansion": "German trensen (“to make a prolonged moo”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drenzen",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drenzen (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρῆνος",
"t": "lamentation for the deceased"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drēnuz",
"3": "",
"4": "drone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drēnuz (“drone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃",
"t": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "droanse",
"t": "corncrake"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drenskāˀ, of onomatopoeic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰren- (“to buzz”) + *-zgъ.\nProbably related to Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make a prolonged moo”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), Proto-Germanic *drēnuz (“drone”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”), Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dręzga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to clatter",
"sense": "*drьnъ (“clang, tang”)",
"word": "dьrnъkati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"scuffle, squabble"
],
"links": [
[
"scuffle",
"scuffle"
],
[
"squabble",
"squabble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*vьrěva"
},
{
"word": "*karanica"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly"
],
"word": "dręzgъ"
}
],
"word": "dręzga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreng-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-zgъ",
"sla-pro:Forests"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "grove",
"word": "dręzgakъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дря́згa"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дря́згa (drjázga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дря́згa (drjázga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "дрáзгa"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: дрáзгa (drázha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: дрáзгa (drázha) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дрѧзга"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: дрѧзга",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: дрѧзга"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дре́зга",
"3": "дрезга́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: дре́зга (drézga), дрезга́ (drezgá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: дре́зга (drézga), дрезга́ (drezgá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дрезда́к",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: дрезда́к (drezdák)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-"
},
"expansion": "(via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: дрезда́к (drezdák), dial. дръзда́к (drǎzdák) (via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "drzęzg",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Polish: drzęzg m",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Polish: drzęzg m (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "drezka",
"t": "snot, branch"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: drezka (“snot, branch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: drezka (“snot, branch”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "Drežďany",
"der": "1",
"t": "forest dwellers"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Upper Sorbian: Drežďany (“forest dwellers”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Upper Sorbian: Drežďany (“forest dwellers”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dresden",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Dresden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Dresden"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreng-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*drengskāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *drengskāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drǫgъ",
"3": "*-zgъ",
"4": "*-a",
"t1": "pole, branch"
},
"expansion": "*drǫgъ (“pole, branch”) + *-zgъ + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreng-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shove, to drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreng- (“to shove, to drink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dréngti",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear, to rub"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dréngti (“to tear, to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drankiz",
"3": "",
"4": "sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drangijaz",
"3": "",
"4": "stake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drangijaz (“stake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drězga",
"3": "",
"4": "murky, muddy place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *drězga (“murky, muddy place”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drengskāˀ, probably equivalent to the e-grade of *drǫgъ (“pole, branch”) + *-zgъ + *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreng- (“to shove, to drink”)/*dʰrengʰ- (“stake”). Possibly akin to Lithuanian dréngti (“to tear, to rub”) and Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink”), Proto-Germanic *drangijaz (“stake”). In some dialects overlapping with Proto-Slavic *drězga (“murky, muddy place”).\nSemantically similar to *dьraka (“bush, scrubs”) but the two are likely unrelated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drę̀zga",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dręzgy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dręzga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to poke",
"word": "dręgati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"small forest, grove"
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"grove",
"grove"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"swamp, damp place"
],
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
],
[
"damp",
"damp"
],
[
"place",
"place"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dręzga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dręzga meaning in Proto-Slavic (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.