"do" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See do in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Preposition

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *da, from Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; and”). Cognate with Latvian da, dialectal Lithuanian da-, Proto-Germanic *tō. Etymology templates: {{etymon|sla-pro|:inh|ine-bsl-pro:*da<id:to><ety:inh<ine-pro:*de<id:to>>>|id=to}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*da", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*do", "lang" : "sla-pro" }" data-id="to" data-lang="sla-pro" data-title="*do" id="Proto-Slavic:_to">, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*da}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *da, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*de|t=to; and}} Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; and”), {{cog|lv|da}} Latvian da, {{cog|lt|da-}} Lithuanian da-, {{cog|gem-pro|*tō}} Proto-Germanic *tō Head templates: {{head|sla-pro|preposition|cat2=|head=|sort=}} *do, {{sla-prep}} *do
  1. (with genitive) up to, until Tags: reconstruction, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-do-sla-pro-prep-IYo5YssQ Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Slavic entries with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic prepositions Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 66 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymon: 53 47 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 46 54 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic prepositions: 50 50
  2. (with genitive) before, by (a certain time), not later than Tags: reconstruction, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-do-sla-pro-prep-H9j7Kn7T Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Slavic entries with etymon, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic prepositions Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 66 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymon: 53 47 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 46 54 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic prepositions: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: kъ(n)
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "otъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Belarusian",
                  "lang_code": "be",
                  "roman": "da",
                  "word": "да"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
                  "lang_code": "rue",
                  "roman": "do",
                  "word": "до"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Ukrainian",
                  "lang_code": "uk",
                  "roman": "do",
                  "word": "до"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Ruthenian",
              "lang_code": "zle-ort",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "до"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "до"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "do",
          "word": "до"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "до"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "ⰴⱁ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "do",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "do",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "до̏"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "dȍ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "do"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian",
              "lang_code": "szl",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian",
              "lang_code": "szl",
              "raw_tags": [
                "before nasals"
              ],
              "word": "dō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Polish",
          "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovincian",
              "lang_code": "zlw-slv",
              "word": "dô"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Pomeranian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polabian",
          "lang_code": "pox",
          "word": "dü"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "hsb",
              "word": "do"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*da<id:to><ety:inh<ine-pro:*de<id:to>>>",
        "id": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*da\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*do\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"to\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*do\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_to\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*da"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *da",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de",
        "t": "to; and"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; and”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "da"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian da",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "da-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian da-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*tō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *da, from Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; and”). Cognate with Latvian da, dialectal Lithuanian da-, Proto-Germanic *tō.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "preposition",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*do",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*do",
      "name": "sla-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/do",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "up to, until"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sla-pro-prep-IYo5YssQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "up to",
          "up to"
        ],
        [
          "until",
          "until"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with genitive) up to, until"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "before, by (a certain time), not later than"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sla-pro-prep-H9j7Kn7T",
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ],
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "later",
          "later"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with genitive) before, by (a certain time), not later than"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kъ(n)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "do"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "otъ"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic prepositions",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *de",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Belarusian",
                  "lang_code": "be",
                  "roman": "da",
                  "word": "да"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
                  "lang_code": "rue",
                  "roman": "do",
                  "word": "до"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Ukrainian",
                  "lang_code": "uk",
                  "roman": "do",
                  "word": "до"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Old Ruthenian",
              "lang_code": "zle-ort",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "до"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "до"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "do",
          "word": "до"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "до"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic script",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "do",
              "word": "ⰴⱁ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "do",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "lang_code": "mk",
          "roman": "do",
          "word": "до"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "до̏"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "dȍ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "do"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian",
              "lang_code": "szl",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Silesian",
              "lang_code": "szl",
              "raw_tags": [
                "before nasals"
              ],
              "word": "dō"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Polish",
          "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "lang_code": "sk",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Kashubian",
              "lang_code": "csb",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovincian",
              "lang_code": "zlw-slv",
              "word": "dô"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Pomeranian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Polabian",
          "lang_code": "pox",
          "word": "dü"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "dsb",
              "word": "do"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
              "lang_code": "hsb",
              "word": "do"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Sorbian",
          "lang_code": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro:*da<id:to><ety:inh<ine-pro:*de<id:to>>>",
        "id": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*da\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*do\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"to\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*do\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_to\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*da"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *da",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de",
        "t": "to; and"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; and”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "da"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian da",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "da-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian da-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*tō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *da, from Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; and”). Cognate with Latvian da, dialectal Lithuanian da-, Proto-Germanic *tō.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "preposition",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*do",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*do",
      "name": "sla-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/do",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "up to, until"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "up to",
          "up to"
        ],
        [
          "until",
          "until"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with genitive) up to, until"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "before, by (a certain time), not later than"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ],
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "later",
          "later"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with genitive) before, by (a certain time), not later than"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "kъ(n)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

Download raw JSONL data for do meaning in Proto-Slavic (4.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.