"avorъ" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See avorъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Rather unlikely from intermediary *āorъ, having been borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”), particularly from a late form without intervocalic [h]. Otherwise, maybe from the same European substrate after the underlying language underwent a sound change from [k] to [v] or a sound shift of comparable consonants. The later borrowing into Proto-Slavic is more probable due to the retention of the exact synonym *klenъ. Compare Latin acer and Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos). Adding to that, the maple (Acer) grew only in the western half and particularly the Norway maple (Acer platanoides) as its most widespread kind reached only the western border of the Yamna culture in case that both were even as far distributed from Europe up to there as nowadays. On the one hand, the frequency of the Norway maple is condensed into Europe, on the other hand, it is considered native as well to the eastern end of the Caucasus but this does not exclude it having been introduced as it might not have been recorded. If any maple overall only recently extended up to the Pontic–Caspian steppe and surrounding regions, back then it might not have even been adjacent to the Yamna culture at all. This makes a borrowing from a substrate into ancient or early medieval Indo-European languages substantially necessary. Non-cognate Ancient Greek σφένδᾰμνος (sphéndamnos, “maple”) and Old Armenian դղքի (dłkʻi, “maple”) may have a substrate etymology as well even though a possible internal formation was also considered for Ancient Greek. If Germanic, Latin and Greek words are of native origin, they might derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) which is supposed to refer to the shape of the leaves. Etymology templates: {{bor|sla-pro|gmw-pro|*ahurn||maple}} Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”), {{bor|sla-pro|qfa-sub}} substrate, {{cog|la|acer}} Latin acer, {{cog|grc|ἄκαστος}} Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos), {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₂eḱ-|t=sharp}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|ap=a}} Forms: àvorъ [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], avorъ [nominative, singular], avora [dual, nominative], avori [nominative, plural], avora [genitive, singular], avoru [dual, genitive], avorъ [genitive, plural], avoru [dative, singular], avoroma [dative, dual], avoromъ [dative, plural], avorъ [accusative, singular], avora [accusative, dual], avory [accusative, plural], avorъmь [instrumental, singular], avoromь [instrumental, singular], avoroma [dual, instrumental], avorȳ [instrumental, plural], avorě [locative, singular], avoru [dual, locative], avorě̄xъ [locative, plural], avore [singular, vocative], avora [dual, vocative], avori [plural, vocative]
  1. maple (any plant of the genus Acer) Wikipedia link: Oleg Trubachyov Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *klenъ Derived forms: avorina (english: maple; maple wood) [feminine], avorišče (english: maple forest) [neuter], avorьje (english: maple forest) [neuter], avorьnica (english: maple?) [feminine], avorьnikъ (english: maple?) [masculine], avorьnъ (english: (made) of maple), avorovъ (english: (made) of maple)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "ꙗ́воръ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́воръ (jávor)\nBelarusian: я́вар (jávar)\nCarpathian Rusyn: я́вур (jávur)\nUkrainian: я́вір (jávir); явор (javor) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́воръ (jávor)\nBelarusian: я́вар (jávar)\nCarpathian Rusyn: я́вур (jávur)\nUkrainian: я́вір (jávir); явор (javor) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "я́вор"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: я́вор (jávor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: я́вор (jávor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "*аворъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: *аворъ (*avorŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: *аворъ (*avorŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "аворъ",
            "3": "ꙗворъ",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "аворъ (avorŭ), ꙗворъ (javorŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Church Slavonic: аворъ (avorŭ), ꙗворъ (javorŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "я́вор",
            "3": "а́вор"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: я́вор (jávor), а́вор (ávor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: я́вор (jávor), а́вор (ávor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "јавор"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: јавор (javor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: јавор (javor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ја̏вор",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ја̏вор",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "јахор",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "јахор (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ја̏вор; јахор (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "jȁvor",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: jȁvor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "jahor",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "jahor (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: jȁvor; jahor (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "jávor",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jávor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jávor"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jávor (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: jávor (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "jawòr"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: jawòr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: jawòr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "javor"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: javor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: javor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "javor"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: javor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: javor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "jovåră",
            "g": "p"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: jovåră pl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: jovåră pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: jawor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "jawór",
            "3": "jabór",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "jawór, jabór (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: jawor; jawór, jabór (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wym",
            "2": "jāwer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vilamovian: jāwer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vilamovian: jāwer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "javor"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: javor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: javor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: jawor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: jawor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Non-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "jõvaras",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Lithuanian: jõvaras",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Lithuanian: jõvaras"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*ahurn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "maple"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "acer"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin acer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἄκαστος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂eḱ-",
        "t": "sharp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Rather unlikely from intermediary *āorъ, having been borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”), particularly from a late form without intervocalic [h]. Otherwise, maybe from the same European substrate after the underlying language underwent a sound change from [k] to [v] or a sound shift of comparable consonants. The later borrowing into Proto-Slavic is more probable due to the retention of the exact synonym *klenъ. Compare Latin acer and Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos).\nAdding to that, the maple (Acer) grew only in the western half and particularly the Norway maple (Acer platanoides) as its most widespread kind reached only the western border of the Yamna culture in case that both were even as far distributed from Europe up to there as nowadays. On the one hand, the frequency of the Norway maple is condensed into Europe, on the other hand, it is considered native as well to the eastern end of the Caucasus but this does not exclude it having been introduced as it might not have been recorded. If any maple overall only recently extended up to the Pontic–Caspian steppe and surrounding regions, back then it might not have even been adjacent to the Yamna culture at all. This makes a borrowing from a substrate into ancient or early medieval Indo-European languages substantially necessary. Non-cognate Ancient Greek σφένδᾰμνος (sphéndamnos, “maple”) and Old Armenian դղքի (dłkʻi, “maple”) may have a substrate etymology as well even though a possible internal formation was also considered for Ancient Greek.\nIf Germanic, Latin and Greek words are of native origin, they might derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) which is supposed to refer to the shape of the leaves.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "àvorъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoromъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avory",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoromь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorȳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorě̄xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avore",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/avorъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "maple; maple wood",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "avorina"
        },
        {
          "english": "maple forest",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "avorišče"
        },
        {
          "english": "maple forest",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "avorьje"
        },
        {
          "english": "maple?",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "avorьnica"
        },
        {
          "english": "maple?",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "avorьnikъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "(made) of maple",
          "word": "avorьnъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "(made) of maple",
          "word": "avorovъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "maple (any plant of the genus Acer)"
      ],
      "id": "en-avorъ-sla-pro-noun-UH8BPlkY",
      "links": [
        [
          "maple",
          "maple"
        ],
        [
          "Acer",
          "Acer#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*klenъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Oleg Trubachyov"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "avorъ"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "maple; maple wood",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "avorina"
    },
    {
      "english": "maple forest",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "avorišče"
    },
    {
      "english": "maple forest",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "avorьje"
    },
    {
      "english": "maple?",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "avorьnica"
    },
    {
      "english": "maple?",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "avorьnikъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "(made) of maple",
      "word": "avorьnъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "(made) of maple",
      "word": "avorovъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "ꙗ́воръ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́воръ (jávor)\nBelarusian: я́вар (jávar)\nCarpathian Rusyn: я́вур (jávur)\nUkrainian: я́вір (jávir); явор (javor) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́воръ (jávor)\nBelarusian: я́вар (jávar)\nCarpathian Rusyn: я́вур (jávur)\nUkrainian: я́вір (jávir); явор (javor) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "я́вор"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: я́вор (jávor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: я́вор (jávor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "*аворъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: *аворъ (*avorŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: *аворъ (*avorŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "аворъ",
            "3": "ꙗворъ",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "аворъ (avorŭ), ꙗворъ (javorŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Church Slavonic: аворъ (avorŭ), ꙗворъ (javorŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "я́вор",
            "3": "а́вор"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: я́вор (jávor), а́вор (ávor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: я́вор (jávor), а́вор (ávor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "јавор"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: јавор (javor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: јавор (javor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ја̏вор",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ја̏вор",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "јахор",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "јахор (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ја̏вор; јахор (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "jȁvor",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: jȁvor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "jahor",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "jahor (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: jȁvor; jahor (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "jávor",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jávor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jávor"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: jávor (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: jávor (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "jawòr"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: jawòr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: jawòr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "javor"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: javor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: javor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "javor"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: javor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: javor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "jovåră",
            "g": "p"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: jovåră pl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: jovåră pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: jawor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "jawór",
            "3": "jabór",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "jawór, jabór (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: jawor; jawór, jabór (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wym",
            "2": "jāwer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vilamovian: jāwer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vilamovian: jāwer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "javor"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: javor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: javor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: jawor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "jawor"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: jawor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: jawor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Non-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "jõvaras",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Lithuanian: jõvaras",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Lithuanian: jõvaras"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*ahurn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "maple"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "acer"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin acer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἄκαστος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂eḱ-",
        "t": "sharp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Rather unlikely from intermediary *āorъ, having been borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”), particularly from a late form without intervocalic [h]. Otherwise, maybe from the same European substrate after the underlying language underwent a sound change from [k] to [v] or a sound shift of comparable consonants. The later borrowing into Proto-Slavic is more probable due to the retention of the exact synonym *klenъ. Compare Latin acer and Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos).\nAdding to that, the maple (Acer) grew only in the western half and particularly the Norway maple (Acer platanoides) as its most widespread kind reached only the western border of the Yamna culture in case that both were even as far distributed from Europe up to there as nowadays. On the one hand, the frequency of the Norway maple is condensed into Europe, on the other hand, it is considered native as well to the eastern end of the Caucasus but this does not exclude it having been introduced as it might not have been recorded. If any maple overall only recently extended up to the Pontic–Caspian steppe and surrounding regions, back then it might not have even been adjacent to the Yamna culture at all. This makes a borrowing from a substrate into ancient or early medieval Indo-European languages substantially necessary. Non-cognate Ancient Greek σφένδᾰμνος (sphéndamnos, “maple”) and Old Armenian դղքի (dłkʻi, “maple”) may have a substrate etymology as well even though a possible internal formation was also considered for Ancient Greek.\nIf Germanic, Latin and Greek words are of native origin, they might derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) which is supposed to refer to the shape of the leaves.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "àvorъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoromъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avory",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoromь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorȳ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avorě̄xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avore",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avora",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/avorъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from substrate languages",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from substrate languages",
        "sla-pro:Sapindales order plants"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "maple (any plant of the genus Acer)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "maple",
          "maple"
        ],
        [
          "Acer",
          "Acer#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*klenъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Oleg Trubachyov"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "avorъ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for avorъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (10.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.