See -ostь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-асць",
"3": "-осць",
"4": "-асьць",
"5": "-осьць",
"q1": "unstressed",
"q2": "stressed",
"q3": "Taraškievica spelling, unstressed",
"q4": "Taraškievica spelling, stressed"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: (unstressed) -асць (-ascʹ), (stressed) -осць (-oscʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, unstressed) -асьць (-asʹcʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, stressed) -осьць (-osʹcʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: (unstressed) -асць (-ascʹ), (stressed) -осць (-oscʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, unstressed) -асьць (-asʹcʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, stressed) -осьць (-osʹcʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ость"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ость (-ostʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ость (-ostʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ість"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ість (-istʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ість (-istʹ) (genitive: -ості (-osti))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -ость (-ostĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⱁⱄⱅⱐ (-ostĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ост"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ост (-ost)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ост (-ost)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ост"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ост (-ost)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ост (-ost)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ост",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ост",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ост"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ost",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ost"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ost"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ost"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ość"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -ość\nPolish: -ość",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -ość\nPolish: -ość"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "-osť"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: -osť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: -osť"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "-осц"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: -осц (-osc)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: -осц (-osc)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-osť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -osť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -osť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-osc"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -osc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -osc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-ôsc"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -ôsc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -ôsc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-osć"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -osć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -osć"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-osć"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -osć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -osć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro>*-astis>-ness",
"id": "-ness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-astis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-Hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-astis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "-ašti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (-ašti)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis. Cognate with Lithuanian -astis.\nThere are several theories of origin:\n* Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (-ašti) (in [script needed] n (dalugašti-, “length”) < [script needed] pl (dalugaeš, “long”, adj.)).\n* According to Halla-Aho, by double suffixation */-ot-tь/. e.g. *dobrъ → *dobrota → *dobrostь.\nHas a reconstructed valence “−” (minus), that is, the accent paradigm c.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-osti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-estь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ostь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "čìstъ + *-ostь → *čìstostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "jȗnъ + *-ostь → *junostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "krě̑pъ + *-ostь → *krě̑postь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mǫ̃drъ + *-ostь → *mǫdròstь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ràdъ + *-ostь → *ràdostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stàrъ + *-ostь → *stàrostь",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with adjectival stems to form abstract nouns; -ness"
],
"id": "en--ostь-sla-pro-suffix-zmk4i-Ht",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ostь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-асць",
"3": "-осць",
"4": "-асьць",
"5": "-осьць",
"q1": "unstressed",
"q2": "stressed",
"q3": "Taraškievica spelling, unstressed",
"q4": "Taraškievica spelling, stressed"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: (unstressed) -асць (-ascʹ), (stressed) -осць (-oscʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, unstressed) -асьць (-asʹcʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, stressed) -осьць (-osʹcʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: (unstressed) -асць (-ascʹ), (stressed) -осць (-oscʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, unstressed) -асьць (-asʹcʹ), (Taraškievica spelling, stressed) -осьць (-osʹcʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ость"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ость (-ostʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ость (-ostʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ість"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ість (-istʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ість (-istʹ) (genitive: -ості (-osti))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -ость (-ostĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⱁⱄⱅⱐ (-ostĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ост"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ост (-ost)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ост (-ost)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ост"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ост (-ost)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ост (-ost)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ост",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ост",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ост"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ost",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ost"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ost"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ost"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ość"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -ość\nPolish: -ość",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -ość\nPolish: -ość"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "-osť"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: -osť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: -osť"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "-осц"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: -осц (-osc)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: -осц (-osc)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-osť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -osť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -osť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-osc"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -osc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -osc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-ôsc"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -ôsc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -ôsc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-osć"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -osć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -osć"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-osć"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -osć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -osć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro>*-astis>-ness",
"id": "-ness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-astis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-Hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-astis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "-ašti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (-ašti)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis. Cognate with Lithuanian -astis.\nThere are several theories of origin:\n* Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (-ašti) (in [script needed] n (dalugašti-, “length”) < [script needed] pl (dalugaeš, “long”, adj.)).\n* According to Halla-Aho, by double suffixation */-ot-tь/. e.g. *dobrъ → *dobrota → *dobrostь.\nHas a reconstructed valence “−” (minus), that is, the accent paradigm c.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-osti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-estь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ostь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "čìstъ + *-ostь → *čìstostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "jȗnъ + *-ostь → *junostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "krě̑pъ + *-ostь → *krě̑postь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mǫ̃drъ + *-ostь → *mǫdròstь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ràdъ + *-ostь → *ràdostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stàrъ + *-ostь → *stàrostь",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with adjectival stems to form abstract nouns; -ness"
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ostь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ostь meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.