See ǫpyrь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "упирь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: упирь (upirĭ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as a given name"
},
"expansion": "(as a given name)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: упирь (upirĭ) (as a given name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ўпір",
"3": "упір",
"4": "упир"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ўпір (ŭpir), упір (upir), упир (upir)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ўпір (ŭpir), упір (upir), упир (upir) (obsolete), вупар (vupar) (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "упырь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: упырь (upyrʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: упырь (upyrʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "упир"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: упир (upyr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: упир (upyr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вампир",
"3": "въмпиръ"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: вампир (vampir), въмпиръ (vǎmpir)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: вампир (vampir), въмпиръ (vǎmpir) (dialectal), въпиръ (vǎpir) (dialectal), вепир (vepir) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вампир",
"3": "вопер"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: вампир (vampir), вопер (voper)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: вампир (vampir), вопер (voper) (dialectal), јапер (japer) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "вампир",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: вампир",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: вампир, упир (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vampir"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: vampir",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: vampir, upir (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "vampir"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: vampir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: vampir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "upír"
},
"expansion": "Czech: upír",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: upír"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wąpierz"
},
"expansion": "Polish: wąpierz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: wąpierz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "upír"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: upír",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: upír"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "убыр",
"t": "vampiric witch"
},
"expansion": "Tatar убыр (ubır, “vampiric witch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "вупӑр",
"t": "vampire"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash вупӑр (vup̬ăr, “vampire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "obur",
"t": "glutton"
},
"expansion": "Turkish obur (“glutton”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ōpur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ōpur",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ōp-",
"t": "to swallow, gulp down"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ōp- (“to swallow, gulp down”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*u",
"3": "*pyřь"
},
"expansion": "*u- + *pyřь",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ǫ",
"3": "*pyr-"
},
"expansion": "*ǫ- + *pyr-",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vъ",
"3": "*pěrь"
},
"expansion": "*vъ- + *pěrь",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Skok gives two hypotheses:\n# From a northern Turkic language, in the form ubyr or ubyrly (“witch”). Compare Tatar убыр (ubır, “vampiric witch”), Chuvash вупӑр (vup̬ăr, “vampire”), Turkish obur (“glutton”), all from Proto-Turkic *ōpur, possibly from Proto-Turkic *ōp- (“to swallow, gulp down”). Vasmer finds this phonetically doubtful.\n# A Slavic construction, from *u- + *pyřь, “flyer” with a privative prefix. Compare *netopyřь. According to this hypothesis *ǫpyrь could have originated as a taboo for *vьlkolakъ (cf. vukodlak).\nMel’nyčuk offers a different explanation, a Slavic construction from *ǫ- + *pyr-, “not burned”, with a privative prefix attached to a root meaning “fire”. The word would then indicate an uncremated corpse. He also lists alternative suggestions that others had proposed: a possible connection with *pyřь (“flyer”), as above; or from *vъ- + *pěrь as a coinage related to vrěpiti (“to cling”), supposedly because a vampire bites and clings to its victims.\nMel’nyčuk further proposes that the forms with initial vam- were derived by way of Old Church Slavonic *вѫпиръ (*vǫpirŭ) with prothetic *в-, borrowed into Byzantine Greek as βαμπύρος (bampúros) and then borrowed back into the South Slavic languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьje",
"roman": "ǫpyře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьju",
"roman": "ǫpyřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьjь",
"roman": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьju",
"roman": "ǫpyřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьje",
"roman": "ǫpyře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫpyrь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *vъ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *ǫ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vampire"
],
"id": "en-ǫpyrь-sla-pro-noun-lMQUNvA4",
"links": [
[
"vampire",
"vampire"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "ǫpyrь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "упирь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: упирь (upirĭ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as a given name"
},
"expansion": "(as a given name)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: упирь (upirĭ) (as a given name)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ўпір",
"3": "упір",
"4": "упир"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: ўпір (ŭpir), упір (upir), упир (upir)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: ўпір (ŭpir), упір (upir), упир (upir) (obsolete), вупар (vupar) (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "упырь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: упырь (upyrʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: упырь (upyrʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "упир"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: упир (upyr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: упир (upyr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вампир",
"3": "въмпиръ"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: вампир (vampir), въмпиръ (vǎmpir)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: вампир (vampir), въмпиръ (vǎmpir) (dialectal), въпиръ (vǎpir) (dialectal), вепир (vepir) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "вампир",
"3": "вопер"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: вампир (vampir), вопер (voper)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: вампир (vampir), вопер (voper) (dialectal), јапер (japer) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "вампир",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: вампир",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: вампир, упир (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vampir"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: vampir",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: vampir, upir (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "vampir"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: vampir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: vampir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "upír"
},
"expansion": "Czech: upír",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: upír"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wąpierz"
},
"expansion": "Polish: wąpierz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: wąpierz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "upír"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: upír",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: upír"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "убыр",
"t": "vampiric witch"
},
"expansion": "Tatar убыр (ubır, “vampiric witch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "вупӑр",
"t": "vampire"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash вупӑр (vup̬ăr, “vampire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "obur",
"t": "glutton"
},
"expansion": "Turkish obur (“glutton”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ōpur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ōpur",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ōp-",
"t": "to swallow, gulp down"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ōp- (“to swallow, gulp down”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*u",
"3": "*pyřь"
},
"expansion": "*u- + *pyřь",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ǫ",
"3": "*pyr-"
},
"expansion": "*ǫ- + *pyr-",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vъ",
"3": "*pěrь"
},
"expansion": "*vъ- + *pěrь",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Skok gives two hypotheses:\n# From a northern Turkic language, in the form ubyr or ubyrly (“witch”). Compare Tatar убыр (ubır, “vampiric witch”), Chuvash вупӑр (vup̬ăr, “vampire”), Turkish obur (“glutton”), all from Proto-Turkic *ōpur, possibly from Proto-Turkic *ōp- (“to swallow, gulp down”). Vasmer finds this phonetically doubtful.\n# A Slavic construction, from *u- + *pyřь, “flyer” with a privative prefix. Compare *netopyřь. According to this hypothesis *ǫpyrь could have originated as a taboo for *vьlkolakъ (cf. vukodlak).\nMel’nyčuk offers a different explanation, a Slavic construction from *ǫ- + *pyr-, “not burned”, with a privative prefix attached to a root meaning “fire”. The word would then indicate an uncremated corpse. He also lists alternative suggestions that others had proposed: a possible connection with *pyřь (“flyer”), as above; or from *vъ- + *pěrь as a coinage related to vrěpiti (“to cling”), supposedly because a vampire bites and clings to its victims.\nMel’nyčuk further proposes that the forms with initial vam- were derived by way of Old Church Slavonic *вѫпиръ (*vǫpirŭ) with prothetic *в-, borrowed into Byzantine Greek as βαμπύρος (bampúros) and then borrowed back into the South Slavic languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьje",
"roman": "ǫpyře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьju",
"roman": "ǫpyřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьjь",
"roman": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьju",
"roman": "ǫpyřu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫpyrьje",
"roman": "ǫpyře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫpyrь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *vъ-",
"Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *ǫ-",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"vampire"
],
"links": [
[
"vampire",
"vampire"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "ǫpyrь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǫpyrь meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.