"sukama" meaning in Proto-Ryukyuan

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Kikai",
          "lang_code": "kzg",
          "roman": "kanma",
          "word": "’かんま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kikai",
          "lang_code": "kzg",
          "roman": "kama",
          "word": "’かま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kunigami",
          "lang_code": "xug",
          "roman": "shikāma",
          "word": "しかーま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
          "lang_code": "ryn",
          "roman": "sïkama",
          "word": "すぃ゚’かま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Okinawan",
          "lang_code": "ryu",
          "roman": "sikama",
          "word": "すぃかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Okinoerabu",
          "lang_code": "okn",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
          "lang_code": "ams",
          "roman": "skāma",
          "word": "ㇲかーま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Tokunoshima",
          "lang_code": "tkn",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yoron",
          "lang_code": "yox",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Northern Ryukyuan",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Miyako",
          "lang_code": "mvi",
          "roman": "sɿkama",
          "word": "すぃかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yaeyama",
          "lang_code": "rys",
          "roman": "sïkama",
          "word": "すぃかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yonaguni",
          "lang_code": "yoi",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Southern Ryukyuan",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "透く",
        "t": "to be transparent; to be seen through",
        "tr": "suku",
        "w": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "努める",
        "t": "to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort",
        "tr": "tsutomeru",
        "w": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”)",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A surface analysis suggests that this might be a compound with the first two morae belonging to a verb stem *suk- in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”); compare Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”), 漉く (suku, “to make paper from pulp by spreading it thin and drying it”), 鋤く (suku, “to plough”), 梳く (suku, “to comb”), 空く (suku, “to be empty”), 救う (sukuu, “to rescue”), 助ける ((ta)sukeru, “to help”), all with an underlying idea of \"going through\", and this root can likely be applicable to this word, as the sun rises and passes during the morning to daytime. The latter mora likely belongs to *ma (“space”). Compare *piruma (“daytime; afternoon”). The variable senses parallel the derivation of Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”) from 夙 (tsuto(-ni), “early in the morning”).\nYosuke Igarashi reconstructs this word as *sekama with tone class C, however a closer analysis using comparative, internal, and historical methods show that the first mora is a high back vowel, not a mid front vowel, and that the accent differs for the individual senses, and this strengthens the possibility that this was derived from a compound.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*sukama",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
  "lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/sukama",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "morning (by extension)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-obgEVKb3",
      "links": [
        [
          "morning",
          "morning"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "morning (by extension):"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sutomete"
        },
        {
          "word": "*asa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "morning (by extension):",
        "daytime"
      ],
      "id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-1YQkpdgW",
      "links": [
        [
          "morning",
          "morning"
        ],
        [
          "daytime",
          "daytime"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sutomete"
        },
        {
          "word": "*asa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "business (by extension)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-7GKWIOGf",
      "links": [
        [
          "business",
          "business"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "business (by extension):"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 22 15 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 12 9 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 17 24 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "business (by extension):",
        "paying debt"
      ],
      "id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-KZmsKGF2",
      "links": [
        [
          "business",
          "business"
        ],
        [
          "debt",
          "debt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sukama"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Ryukyuan lemmas",
    "Proto-Ryukyuan nouns"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Kikai",
          "lang_code": "kzg",
          "roman": "kanma",
          "word": "’かんま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kikai",
          "lang_code": "kzg",
          "roman": "kama",
          "word": "’かま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kunigami",
          "lang_code": "xug",
          "roman": "shikāma",
          "word": "しかーま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
          "lang_code": "ryn",
          "roman": "sïkama",
          "word": "すぃ゚’かま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Okinawan",
          "lang_code": "ryu",
          "roman": "sikama",
          "word": "すぃかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Okinoerabu",
          "lang_code": "okn",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
          "lang_code": "ams",
          "roman": "skāma",
          "word": "ㇲかーま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Tokunoshima",
          "lang_code": "tkn",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yoron",
          "lang_code": "yox",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Northern Ryukyuan",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Miyako",
          "lang_code": "mvi",
          "roman": "sɿkama",
          "word": "すぃかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yaeyama",
          "lang_code": "rys",
          "roman": "sïkama",
          "word": "すぃかま"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yonaguni",
          "lang_code": "yoi",
          "roman": "shikama",
          "word": "しかま"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Southern Ryukyuan",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "透く",
        "t": "to be transparent; to be seen through",
        "tr": "suku",
        "w": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "努める",
        "t": "to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort",
        "tr": "tsutomeru",
        "w": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”)",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A surface analysis suggests that this might be a compound with the first two morae belonging to a verb stem *suk- in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”); compare Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”), 漉く (suku, “to make paper from pulp by spreading it thin and drying it”), 鋤く (suku, “to plough”), 梳く (suku, “to comb”), 空く (suku, “to be empty”), 救う (sukuu, “to rescue”), 助ける ((ta)sukeru, “to help”), all with an underlying idea of \"going through\", and this root can likely be applicable to this word, as the sun rises and passes during the morning to daytime. The latter mora likely belongs to *ma (“space”). Compare *piruma (“daytime; afternoon”). The variable senses parallel the derivation of Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”) from 夙 (tsuto(-ni), “early in the morning”).\nYosuke Igarashi reconstructs this word as *sekama with tone class C, however a closer analysis using comparative, internal, and historical methods show that the first mora is a high back vowel, not a mid front vowel, and that the accent differs for the individual senses, and this strengthens the possibility that this was derived from a compound.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*sukama",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
  "lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/sukama",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "morning (by extension)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "morning",
          "morning"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "morning (by extension):"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sutomete"
        },
        {
          "word": "*asa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "morning (by extension):",
        "daytime"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "morning",
          "morning"
        ],
        [
          "daytime",
          "daytime"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sutomete"
        },
        {
          "word": "*asa"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "business (by extension)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "business",
          "business"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "business (by extension):"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "business (by extension):",
        "paying debt"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "business",
          "business"
        ],
        [
          "debt",
          "debt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sukama"
}