See sukama in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan: すかま (sukama) (Omoro Sōshi, 1531)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "’かんま",
"3": "’かま",
"tr": "kanma",
"tr2": "kama"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: ’かんま (kanma), ’かま (kama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: ’かんま (kanma), ’かま (kama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "しかーま",
"tr": "shikāma",
"ts": "ɕìkàːmá"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: しかーま (shikāma /ɕìkàːmá/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: しかーま (shikāma /ɕìkàːmá/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "すぃ゚’かま",
"tr": "sïkama"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: すぃ゚’かま (sïkama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: すぃ゚’かま (sïkama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "すぃかま",
"tr": "sikama",
"ts": "sìkàmà"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: すぃかま (sikama /sìkàmà/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: すぃかま (sikama /sìkàmà/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "しかま",
"pos": "in compounds",
"tr": "shikama"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: しかま (shikama, in compounds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: しかま (shikama, in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "ㇲかーま",
"tr": "skāma",
"ts": "skàːmà"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima: ㇲかーま (skāma /skàːmà/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Amami Ōshima: ㇲかーま (skāma /skàːmà/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "しかま",
"tr": "shikama",
"ts": "ɕɪ̀kámà"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima: しかま (shikama /ɕɪ̀kámà/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tokunoshima: しかま (shikama /ɕɪ̀kámà/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "しかま",
"tr": "shikama",
"ts": "ɕìkámá"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámá/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámá/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "すぃま",
"tr": "sɿkama"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: すぃま (sɿkama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: すぃま (sɿkama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "すぃかま",
"tr": "sïkama",
"ts": "sɨ̀kámá"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama: すぃかま (sïkama /sɨ̀kámá/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yaeyama: すぃかま (sïkama /sɨ̀kámá/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "しかま",
"tr": "shikama",
"ts": "ɕìkámáꜜ"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámáꜜ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámáꜜ/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "透く",
"t": "to be transparent; to be seen through",
"tr": "suku",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "努める",
"t": "to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort",
"tr": "tsutomeru",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A surface analysis suggests that this might be a compound with the first two morae belonging to a verb stem *suk- in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”); compare Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”), 漉く (suku, “to make paper from pulp by spreading it thin and drying it”), 鋤く (suku, “to plough”), 梳く (suku, “to comb”), 空く (suku, “to be empty”), 救う (sukuu, “to rescue”), 助ける ((ta)sukeru, “to help”), all with an underlying idea of \"going through\", and this root can likely be applicable to this word, as the sun rises and passes during the morning to daytime. The latter mora likely belongs to *ma (“space”). Compare *piruma (“daytime; afternoon”). The variable senses parallel the derivation of Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”) from 夙 (tsuto(-ni), “early in the morning”).\nYosuke Igarashi reconstructs this word as *sekama with tone class C, however a closer analysis using comparative, internal, and historical methods show that the first mora is a high back vowel, not a mid front vowel, and that the accent differs for the individual senses, and this strengthens the possibility that this was derived from a compound.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*sukama",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/sukama",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 17 33 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"morning (by extension)"
],
"id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-obgEVKb3",
"links": [
[
"morning",
"morning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"morning (by extension):"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sutomete"
},
{
"word": "*asa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 17 33 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 34 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 41 22 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"morning (by extension):",
"daytime"
],
"id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-1YQkpdgW",
"links": [
[
"morning",
"morning"
],
[
"daytime",
"daytime"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sutomete"
},
{
"word": "*asa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 17 33 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"business (by extension)"
],
"id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-7GKWIOGf",
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"business (by extension):"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 17 33 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"business (by extension):",
"paying debt"
],
"id": "en-sukama-jpx-ryu-pro-noun-KZmsKGF2",
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sukama"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Ryukyuan lemmas",
"Proto-Ryukyuan nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan: すかま (sukama) (Omoro Sōshi, 1531)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "’かんま",
"3": "’かま",
"tr": "kanma",
"tr2": "kama"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: ’かんま (kanma), ’かま (kama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: ’かんま (kanma), ’かま (kama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "しかーま",
"tr": "shikāma",
"ts": "ɕìkàːmá"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: しかーま (shikāma /ɕìkàːmá/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: しかーま (shikāma /ɕìkàːmá/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "すぃ゚’かま",
"tr": "sïkama"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: すぃ゚’かま (sïkama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: すぃ゚’かま (sïkama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "すぃかま",
"tr": "sikama",
"ts": "sìkàmà"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: すぃかま (sikama /sìkàmà/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: すぃかま (sikama /sìkàmà/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "しかま",
"pos": "in compounds",
"tr": "shikama"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: しかま (shikama, in compounds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: しかま (shikama, in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "ㇲかーま",
"tr": "skāma",
"ts": "skàːmà"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima: ㇲかーま (skāma /skàːmà/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Amami Ōshima: ㇲかーま (skāma /skàːmà/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "しかま",
"tr": "shikama",
"ts": "ɕɪ̀kámà"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima: しかま (shikama /ɕɪ̀kámà/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tokunoshima: しかま (shikama /ɕɪ̀kámà/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "しかま",
"tr": "shikama",
"ts": "ɕìkámá"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámá/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámá/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "すぃま",
"tr": "sɿkama"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: すぃま (sɿkama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: すぃま (sɿkama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "すぃかま",
"tr": "sïkama",
"ts": "sɨ̀kámá"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama: すぃかま (sïkama /sɨ̀kámá/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yaeyama: すぃかま (sïkama /sɨ̀kámá/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "しかま",
"tr": "shikama",
"ts": "ɕìkámáꜜ"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámáꜜ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: しかま (shikama /ɕìkámáꜜ/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "透く",
"t": "to be transparent; to be seen through",
"tr": "suku",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "努める",
"t": "to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort",
"tr": "tsutomeru",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A surface analysis suggests that this might be a compound with the first two morae belonging to a verb stem *suk- in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”); compare Japanese 透く (suku, “to be transparent; to be seen through”), 漉く (suku, “to make paper from pulp by spreading it thin and drying it”), 鋤く (suku, “to plough”), 梳く (suku, “to comb”), 空く (suku, “to be empty”), 救う (sukuu, “to rescue”), 助ける ((ta)sukeru, “to help”), all with an underlying idea of \"going through\", and this root can likely be applicable to this word, as the sun rises and passes during the morning to daytime. The latter mora likely belongs to *ma (“space”). Compare *piruma (“daytime; afternoon”). The variable senses parallel the derivation of Japanese 努める (tsutomeru, “to endeavor, to strive for, to make an effort”) from 夙 (tsuto(-ni), “early in the morning”).\nYosuke Igarashi reconstructs this word as *sekama with tone class C, however a closer analysis using comparative, internal, and historical methods show that the first mora is a high back vowel, not a mid front vowel, and that the accent differs for the individual senses, and this strengthens the possibility that this was derived from a compound.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*sukama",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/sukama",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"morning (by extension)"
],
"links": [
[
"morning",
"morning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"morning (by extension):"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sutomete"
},
{
"word": "*asa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"morning (by extension):",
"daytime"
],
"links": [
[
"morning",
"morning"
],
[
"daytime",
"daytime"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sutomete"
},
{
"word": "*asa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"business (by extension)"
],
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"business (by extension):"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"business (by extension):",
"paying debt"
],
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sukama"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sukama meaning in Proto-Ryukyuan (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Ryukyuan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.