See kara in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "から",
"3": "ら",
"tr": "kara",
"tr2": "ra"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: から (kara), ら (ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: から (kara), ら (ra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "から",
"3": "ちゃら",
"4": "ら",
"tr": "khara",
"tr2": "chara",
"tr3": "ra"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: から (khara), ちゃら (chara), ら (ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: から (khara), ちゃら (chara), ら (ra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "はら",
"3": "か゚ら",
"4": "から",
"tr": "hara",
"tr2": "xara",
"tr3": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "はら",
"3": "か゚ら",
"4": "から",
"tr": "hara",
"tr2": "xara",
"tr3": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tokunoshima: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "から",
"3": "ちゃら",
"tr": "kara",
"tr2": "chara"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: から (kara), ちゃら (chara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: から (kara), ちゃら (chara)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yaeyama: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "がら",
"tr": "gara"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: がら (gara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: がら (gara)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "course, way"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“course, way”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“course, way”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Ryukyuan particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative marker"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-particle-jpx_ryu_pro:from",
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "辛さい",
"3": "苛さい",
"4": "鹹さい",
"tr3": "harasai"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (harasai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (harasai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "辛ーしぇん",
"3": "苛ーしぇん",
"4": "鹹ーしぇん",
"tr3": "harāshen"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: 辛ーしぇん, 苛ーしぇん, 鹹ーしぇん (harāshen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: 辛ーしぇん, 苛ーしぇん, 鹹ーしぇん (harāshen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "辛さり",
"3": "苛さり",
"4": "鹹さり",
"tr3": "xarasari"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "karasan"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "harasan"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "辛ーさむっ",
"3": "苛ーさむっ",
"4": "鹹ーさむっ",
"tr3": "karāsam"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima: 辛ーさむっ, 苛ーさむっ, 鹹ーさむっ (karāsam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Amami Ōshima: 辛ーさむっ, 苛ーさむっ, 鹹ーさむっ (karāsam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "辛ーい",
"3": "苛ーい",
"4": "鹹ーい",
"tr3": "karāi"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima: 辛ーい, 苛ーい, 鹹ーい (karāi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tokunoshima: 辛ーい, 苛ーい, 鹹ーい (karāi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "harasan"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "辛",
"3": "苛",
"4": "鹹",
"tr3": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "karasan"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "辛ん",
"3": "苛ん",
"4": "鹹ん",
"tr3": "karan"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "sharp of flavor; harsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"salty"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-jpx_ryu_pro:spicy",
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"salty",
"salty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"spicy"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-jpx_ryu_pro:spicy1",
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"strong (of alcohol)"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-jpx_ryu_pro:spicy1",
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 12 10 2 9 9 8 8 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 37 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Ryukyuan adjectives",
"Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Ryukyuan lemmas",
"Proto-Ryukyuan particles",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms inherited from Proto-Japonic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "から",
"3": "ら",
"tr": "kara",
"tr2": "ra"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: から (kara), ら (ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: から (kara), ら (ra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "から",
"3": "ちゃら",
"4": "ら",
"tr": "khara",
"tr2": "chara",
"tr3": "ra"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: から (khara), ちゃら (chara), ら (ra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: から (khara), ちゃら (chara), ら (ra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "はら",
"3": "か゚ら",
"4": "から",
"tr": "hara",
"tr2": "xara",
"tr3": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "はら",
"3": "か゚ら",
"4": "から",
"tr": "hara",
"tr2": "xara",
"tr3": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tokunoshima: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "から",
"3": "ちゃら",
"tr": "kara",
"tr2": "chara"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: から (kara), ちゃら (chara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: から (kara), ちゃら (chara)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "から",
"tr": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama: から (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yaeyama: から (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "がら",
"tr": "gara"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: がら (gara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: がら (gara)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "course, way"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“course, way”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“course, way”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ablative marker"
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Ryukyuan adjectives",
"Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Ryukyuan lemmas",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms inherited from Proto-Japonic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzg",
"2": "辛さい",
"3": "苛さい",
"4": "鹹さい",
"tr3": "harasai"
},
"expansion": "Kikai: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (harasai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kikai: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (harasai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "辛ーしぇん",
"3": "苛ーしぇん",
"4": "鹹ーしぇん",
"tr3": "harāshen"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: 辛ーしぇん, 苛ーしぇん, 鹹ーしぇん (harāshen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: 辛ーしぇん, 苛ーしぇん, 鹹ーしぇん (harāshen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "辛さり",
"3": "苛さり",
"4": "鹹さり",
"tr3": "xarasari"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "karasan"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "harasan"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "辛ーさむっ",
"3": "苛ーさむっ",
"4": "鹹ーさむっ",
"tr3": "karāsam"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami Ōshima: 辛ーさむっ, 苛ーさむっ, 鹹ーさむっ (karāsam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Amami Ōshima: 辛ーさむっ, 苛ーさむっ, 鹹ーさむっ (karāsam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tkn",
"2": "辛ーい",
"3": "苛ーい",
"4": "鹹ーい",
"tr3": "karāi"
},
"expansion": "Tokunoshima: 辛ーい, 苛ーい, 鹹ーい (karāi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tokunoshima: 辛ーい, 苛ーい, 鹹ーい (karāi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "harasan"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "辛",
"3": "苛",
"4": "鹹",
"tr3": "kara"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "辛さん",
"3": "苛さん",
"4": "鹹さん",
"tr3": "karasan"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "辛ん",
"3": "苛ん",
"4": "鹹ん",
"tr3": "karan"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "sharp of flavor; harsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"salty"
],
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"salty",
"salty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"spicy"
],
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"strong (of alcohol)"
],
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kara meaning in Proto-Ryukyuan (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Ryukyuan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.