See kara in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"roman": "ra",
"word": "ら"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "khara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "chara",
"word": "ちゃら"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "ra",
"word": "ら"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "hara",
"word": "はら"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "xara",
"word": "か゚ら"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "hara",
"word": "はら"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "xara",
"word": "か゚ら"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"roman": "chara",
"word": "ちゃら"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"roman": "gara",
"word": "がら"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "lineage, origin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“lineage, origin”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“lineage, origin”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Ryukyuan particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative marker"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-particle-jpx_ryu_pro:from",
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"word": "辛さい"
},
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"word": "苛さい"
},
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"roman": "harasai",
"word": "鹹さい"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"word": "辛ーしぇん"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"word": "苛ーしぇん"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "harāshen",
"word": "鹹ーしぇん"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"word": "辛さり"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"word": "苛さり"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "larasari",
"word": "鹹さり"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"roman": "karasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"roman": "harasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"word": "辛ーさむっ"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"word": "苛ーさむっ"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "karāsam",
"word": "鹹ーさむっ"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"word": "辛ーい"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"word": "苛ーい"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"roman": "karāi",
"word": "鹹ーい"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"roman": "harasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"word": "辛"
},
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"word": "苛"
},
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "鹹"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"roman": "karasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"word": "辛ん"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"word": "苛ん"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"roman": "karan",
"word": "鹹ん"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "salty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "sharp of flavor; harsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 0 5 9 14 14 14 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 25 25 1 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"salty"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-jpx_ryu_pro:spicy",
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"salty",
"salty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 0 5 9 14 14 14 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"spicy"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-jpx_ryu_pro:spicy1",
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 0 5 9 14 14 14 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"strong (of alcohol)"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-jpx_ryu_pro:spicy1",
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-kara-jpx-ryu-pro-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Ryukyuan adjectives",
"Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Ryukyuan lemmas",
"Proto-Ryukyuan particles",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms inherited from Proto-Japonic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"roman": "ra",
"word": "ら"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "khara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "chara",
"word": "ちゃら"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "ra",
"word": "ら"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "hara",
"word": "はら"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "xara",
"word": "か゚ら"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "hara",
"word": "はら"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "xara",
"word": "か゚ら"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"roman": "chara",
"word": "ちゃら"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "から"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"roman": "gara",
"word": "がら"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "lineage, origin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“lineage, origin”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“lineage, origin”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ablative marker"
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:from"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Ryukyuan adjectives",
"Proto-Ryukyuan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Ryukyuan lemmas",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Proto-Ryukyuan terms inherited from Proto-Japonic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"word": "辛さい"
},
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"word": "苛さい"
},
{
"lang": "Kikai",
"lang_code": "kzg",
"roman": "harasai",
"word": "鹹さい"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"word": "辛ーしぇん"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"word": "苛ーしぇん"
},
{
"lang": "Kunigami",
"lang_code": "xug",
"roman": "harāshen",
"word": "鹹ーしぇん"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"word": "辛さり"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"word": "苛さり"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ryn",
"roman": "larasari",
"word": "鹹さり"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"roman": "karasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Okinoerabu",
"lang_code": "okn",
"roman": "harasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"word": "辛ーさむっ"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"word": "苛ーさむっ"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Amami Ōshima",
"lang_code": "ams",
"roman": "karāsam",
"word": "鹹ーさむっ"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"word": "辛ーい"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"word": "苛ーい"
},
{
"lang": "Tokunoshima",
"lang_code": "tkn",
"roman": "karāi",
"word": "鹹ーい"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yoron",
"lang_code": "yox",
"roman": "harasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"word": "辛"
},
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"word": "苛"
},
{
"lang": "Miyako",
"lang_code": "mvi",
"roman": "kara",
"word": "鹹"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"word": "辛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"word": "苛さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yaeyama",
"lang_code": "rys",
"roman": "karasan",
"word": "鹹さん"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"word": "辛ん"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"word": "苛ん"
},
{
"lang": "Yonaguni",
"lang_code": "yoi",
"roman": "karan",
"word": "鹹ん"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "salty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara",
"t": "sharp of flavor; harsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*kara",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Ryukyuan",
"lang_code": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kara",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"salty"
],
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"salty",
"salty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"spicy"
],
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp of flavor",
"strong (of alcohol)"
],
"links": [
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"alcohol",
"alcohol"
]
],
"senseid": [
"jpx-ryu-pro:spicy"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kara"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kara meaning in Proto-Ryukyuan (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Ryukyuan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.