See ul in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"lang_code": "koi",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Yazva",
"lang_code": "urj-kya",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
}
],
"lang": "Komi",
"lang_code": "kv"
},
{
"lang": "Udmurt",
"lang_code": "udm",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ëla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ëla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ala",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*vuolē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *vuolē",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognates include Proto-Finnic *ala and Proto-Samic *vuolē.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ul-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ultäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*ul-"
},
"expansion": "*ul (stem *ul-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bottom, base"
],
"id": "en-ul-urj-prm-pro-noun-sbQHD1tl",
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"base",
"base"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ul"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"lang_code": "koi",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Yazva",
"lang_code": "urj-kya",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
}
],
"lang": "Komi",
"lang_code": "kv"
},
{
"lang": "Udmurt",
"lang_code": "udm",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*iľəj"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *iľəj",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably cognate with Proto-Mordvinic *iľəj.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ul-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ultäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*ul-"
},
"expansion": "*ul (stem *ul-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bough, branch"
],
"id": "en-ul-urj-prm-pro-noun-PBQkED6G",
"links": [
[
"bough",
"bough"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Permic lemmas",
"Proto-Permic nouns",
"Proto-Permic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Permic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"lang_code": "koi",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Yazva",
"lang_code": "urj-kya",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
}
],
"lang": "Komi",
"lang_code": "kv"
},
{
"lang": "Udmurt",
"lang_code": "udm",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ëla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ëla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ala",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*vuolē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *vuolē",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognates include Proto-Finnic *ala and Proto-Samic *vuolē.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ul-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ultäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*ul-"
},
"expansion": "*ul (stem *ul-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bottom, base"
],
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"base",
"base"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Permic lemmas",
"Proto-Permic nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"lang_code": "koi",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Yazva",
"lang_code": "urj-kya",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"roman": "uv",
"word": "ув"
}
],
"lang": "Komi",
"lang_code": "kv"
},
{
"lang": "Udmurt",
"lang_code": "udm",
"roman": "ul",
"word": "ул"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*iľəj"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *iľəj",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably cognate with Proto-Mordvinic *iľəj.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ul-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ultäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ullań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uljaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uläʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "uljasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*ul-"
},
"expansion": "*ul (stem *ul-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bough, branch"
],
"links": [
[
"bough",
"bough"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ul"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ul meaning in Proto-Permic (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Permic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.