jug in Proto-Permic

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Etymology: Perhaps related to Eastern Mari йоҥго (joŋgo). Etymology templates: {{ncog|mhr|йоҥго}} Eastern Mari йоҥго (joŋgo) Head templates: {{head|urj-prm-pro|noun|stem|*jug-}} *jug (stem *jug-) Inflection templates: {{urj-prm-decl}} Forms: jug- [stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], jug [nominative, singular], jugjas [nominative, plural], jug [accusative, indefinite, singular], jugjas [accusative, indefinite, plural], jugäs [accusative, definite, singular], jugjasäs [accusative, definite, plural], jugän [instrumental, singular], jugjasän [instrumental, plural], jugtäk [caritive, singular], jugjastäk [caritive, plural], jugla [consecutive, singular], jugjasla [consecutive, plural], juglän [genitive, singular], jugjaslän [genitive, plural], jugliś [ablative, singular], jugjasliś [ablative, plural], jugli [dative, singular], jugjasli [dative, plural], jugin [inessive, singular], jugjasin [inessive, plural], jugiś [elative, singular], jugjasiś [elative, plural], jugä [illative, singular], jugjasä [illative, plural], jugśań [egressive, singular], jugjasśań [egressive, plural], juglań [approximative, singular], jugjaslań [approximative, plural], jugäʒ́ [singular, terminative], jugjasäʒ́ [plural, terminative], jugti [singular, translative], jugjasti [plural, translative]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Komi-Permyak",
          "lang_code": "koi",
          "roman": "jug",
          "word": "юг"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
          "lang_code": "kpv",
          "roman": "jug",
          "word": "юг"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Komi",
      "lang_code": "kv"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Beserman",
          "lang_code": "udm",
          "roman": "ľug",
          "word": "люг"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Udmurt",
      "lang_code": "udm",
      "roman": "jug",
      "word": "юг"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mhr",
        "2": "йоҥго"
      },
      "expansion": "Eastern Mari йоҥго (joŋgo)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps related to Eastern Mari йоҥго (joŋgo).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jug-",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-prm-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugäs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasäs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugtäk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "caritive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjastäk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "caritive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "consecutive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "consecutive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juglän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjaslän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugliś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasliś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugiś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasiś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugä",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasä",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugśań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "egressive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasśań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "egressive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juglań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "approximative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjaslań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "approximative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugäʒ́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasäʒ́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-prm-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "stem",
        "4": "*jug-"
      },
      "expansion": "*jug (stem *jug-)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "urj-prm-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Permic",
  "lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/jug",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "jugit"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "brightness"
      ],
      "id": "en-jug-urj-prm-pro-noun-qm7WyVf8",
      "links": [
        [
          "brightness",
          "brightness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "jug"
}

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{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "jugit"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Komi-Permyak",
          "lang_code": "koi",
          "roman": "jug",
          "word": "юг"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
          "lang_code": "kpv",
          "roman": "jug",
          "word": "юг"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Komi",
      "lang_code": "kv"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Beserman",
          "lang_code": "udm",
          "roman": "ľug",
          "word": "люг"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Udmurt",
      "lang_code": "udm",
      "roman": "jug",
      "word": "юг"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mhr",
        "2": "йоҥго"
      },
      "expansion": "Eastern Mari йоҥго (joŋgo)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps related to Eastern Mari йоҥго (joŋgo).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jug-",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-prm-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugäs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasäs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugtäk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "caritive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjastäk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "caritive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "consecutive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "consecutive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juglän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjaslän",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugliś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasliś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugiś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasiś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugä",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasä",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugśań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "egressive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasśań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "egressive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juglań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "approximative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjaslań",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "approximative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugäʒ́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasäʒ́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jugjasti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-prm-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "stem",
        "4": "*jug-"
      },
      "expansion": "*jug (stem *jug-)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "urj-prm-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Permic",
  "lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/jug",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Permic lemmas",
        "Proto-Permic nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "brightness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brightness",
          "brightness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "jug"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Permic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"jug" meaning in Proto-Permic

Noun