"qudaŋ" meaning in Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

See qudaŋ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /qudaŋ/
Etymology: From Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ. Etymology templates: {{inh|poz-pro|map-pro|*qudaŋ}} Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ Head templates: {{head|poz-pro|noun}} *qudaŋ
  1. shrimp; crayfish; lobster Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-qudaŋ-poz-pro-noun-ACPGKtW9 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhs",
            "2": "uran"
          },
          "expansion": "Buru (Indonesia): uran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Buru (Indonesia): uran"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ksx",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Kedang: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kedang: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-oce-pro",
            "2": "*quraŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *quraŋ\nCentral–Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nFijian: ura\nProto-Polynesian: *qura\nNuclear Polynesian:\nEastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: ula\nMangarevan: ura\nSouth Marquesan: uʻa\nRapa Nui: ura\nTahitic:\nMaori: ura, kōura, uraura, kōuraura\nRarotongan: kōura\nTahitian: oura, ‘oura\nWestern Polynesian:\nEllicean–Outlier:\nNukuoro: ula\nTakuu: ura\nTuvaluan: ula\nFutunic:\nPukapukan: ula\nFutuna-Aniwa: ura\nWest Uvean: ula\nSamoic:\nSamoan: ula\nTokelauan: ula\nTongic:\nNiuean: uo\nTongan: uo\nRotuman: ura\nWestern Fijian: ura\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: wúúr\nPohnpeian: uhr\nWoleaian: iur\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nBughotu: ura\nGela: ura\nKwaio: ula\nSouthern Oceanic:\nMota: ura\nVurës: ur\nWestern Oceanic:\nMotu: ura",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Oceanic: *quraŋ\nCentral–Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nFijian: ura\nProto-Polynesian: *qura\nNuclear Polynesian:\nEastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: ula\nMangarevan: ura\nSouth Marquesan: uʻa\nRapa Nui: ura\nTahitic:\nMaori: ura, kōura, uraura, kōuraura\nRarotongan: kōura\nTahitian: oura, ‘oura\nWestern Polynesian:\nEllicean–Outlier:\nNukuoro: ula\nTakuu: ura\nTuvaluan: ula\nFutunic:\nPukapukan: ula\nFutuna-Aniwa: ura\nWest Uvean: ula\nSamoic:\nSamoan: ula\nTokelauan: ula\nTongic:\nNiuean: uo\nTongan: uo\nRotuman: ura\nWestern Fijian: ura\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: wúúr\nPohnpeian: uhr\nWoleaian: iur\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nBughotu: ura\nGela: ura\nKwaio: ula\nSouthern Oceanic:\nMota: ura\nVurës: ur\nWestern Oceanic:\nMotu: ura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-hce-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bzq",
            "2": "ulang"
          },
          "expansion": "Buli (Indonesia): ulang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Buli (Indonesia): ulang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szw",
            "2": "ulen"
          },
          "expansion": "Sawai: ulen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sawai: ulen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Western Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Basap–Greater Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bdb",
            "2": "hudang"
          },
          "expansion": "Basap: hudang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Basap: hudang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Greater Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "duw",
            "2": "undrang"
          },
          "expansion": "Dusun Witu: undrang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dusun Witu: undrang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhy",
            "2": "undrang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ma'anyan: undrang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ma'anyan: undrang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mg",
            "2": "orana"
          },
          "expansion": "Malagasy: orana",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Malagasy: orana"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Mahakam:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tjg",
            "2": "urakng"
          },
          "expansion": "Tunjung: urakng",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tunjung: urakng"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sama-Bajaw:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sml",
            "2": "ulang"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Sama: ulang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Sama: ulang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjm",
            "2": "owang-owang",
            "t": "kind of lobster"
          },
          "expansion": "Mapun: owang-owang (“kind of lobster”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mapun: owang-owang (“kind of lobster”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bdr",
            "2": "odang"
          },
          "expansion": "West Coast Bajau: odang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Coast Bajau: odang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yka",
            "2": "ulang"
          },
          "expansion": "Yakan: ulang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yakan: ulang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bkr",
            "2": "undang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bakumpai: undang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bakumpai: undang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nij",
            "2": "undang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ngaju: undang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ngaju: undang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kayanic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bhv",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bahau: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bahau: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kys",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Baram Kayan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Baram Kayan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bfg",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Busang Kayan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Busang Kayan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Land Dayak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Benyadu'–Bekati':"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bei",
            "2": "ndang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bekati': ndang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bekati': ndang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "byd",
            "2": "undang"
          },
          "expansion": "Benyadu': undang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Benyadu': undang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lra",
            "2": "unakng"
          },
          "expansion": "Rara Bakati': unakng",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Rara Bakati': unakng"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Bidayuh–Southern Land Dayak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bth",
            "2": "indaang"
          },
          "expansion": "Biatah Bidayuh: indaang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Biatah Bidayuh: indaang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sdo",
            "2": "andaang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: andaang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: andaang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rir",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ribun: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ribun: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Bornean:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Sarawakan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Melanau:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mel",
            "2": "udeang"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Melanau: udeang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Melanau: udeang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Punan–Müller-Schwaner:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Müller-Schwaner 'Punan':"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pni",
            "2": "orang"
          },
          "expansion": "Aoheng: orang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aoheng: orang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hov",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Hovongan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hovongan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xke",
            "2": "ore"
          },
          "expansion": "Kereho: ore",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kereho: ore"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Punan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bkn",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bukitan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bukitan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "puj",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Punan Tubu: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Punan Tubu: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "umi",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukit: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukit: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Sarawakan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Dayic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kzi",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Kelabit: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kelabit: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kenyah:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pne",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Western Penan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Western Penan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northeast Sabahan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bdg",
            "2": "kulakng"
          },
          "expansion": "Bonggi: kulakng",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bonggi: kulakng"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phi-pro",
            "2": "*qudaŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Philippine: *qudaŋ\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: ulang\nMag-Anchi Ayta: ulang\nGreater Central Philippine:\nCentral Philippine:\nAklanon: ueang\nCebuano: ulang, uwang\nHiligaynon: ulang\nTagalog: ulang, uang, uwang\nTausug: ullang\nDanao:\nIranun: udang\nMaguindanao: udang\nMaranao: odang, olang\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: urang\nNorthern Luzon:\nBatad Ifugao: udang\nCasiguran Dumagat Agta: udang\nCentral Bontoc: udang\nIlocano: udang\nKankanaey: udang\nPangasinan: orang\nSangiric:\nSangir: urang",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Philippine: *qudaŋ\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: ulang\nMag-Anchi Ayta: ulang\nGreater Central Philippine:\nCentral Philippine:\nAklanon: ueang\nCebuano: ulang, uwang\nHiligaynon: ulang\nTagalog: ulang, uang, uwang\nTausug: ullang\nDanao:\nIranun: udang\nMaguindanao: udang\nMaranao: odang, olang\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: urang\nNorthern Luzon:\nBatad Ifugao: udang\nCasiguran Dumagat Agta: udang\nCentral Bontoc: udang\nIlocano: udang\nKankanaey: udang\nPangasinan: orang\nSangiric:\nSangir: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Celebic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "blz",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Balantak: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Balantak: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mnb",
            "2": "ghura"
          },
          "expansion": "Muna: ghura",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Muna: ghura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pmf",
            "2": "ura"
          },
          "expansion": "Pamona: ura",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pamona: ura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tdj",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Tajio: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tajio: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Moklenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mwt",
            "2": "kodang"
          },
          "expansion": "Moken: kodang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Moken: kodang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Batak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "btx",
            "2": "odang"
          },
          "expansion": "Karo Batak: odang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karo Batak: odang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bbc",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Toba Batak: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Toba Batak: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nia",
            "2": "uro"
          },
          "expansion": "Nias: uro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nias: uro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "smr",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Simeulue: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Simeulue: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ch",
            "2": "uhang"
          },
          "expansion": "Chamorro: uhang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chamorro: uhang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-msa-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ban",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Balinese: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Balinese: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-mcm-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cmc-pro",
            "2": "*hudaːŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Chamic: *hudaːŋ\nAcehnese: udeueng, udeung\nCoastal Chamic\nEastern Cham: hadang\nHaroi: athɨang\nHighlands Chamic\nJarai: hơ̆dang\nNorthern Chamic\nTsat: lə¹¹ thaːŋ¹¹\n→ Bahnar: hơdang",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Chamic: *hudaːŋ\nAcehnese: udeueng, udeung\nCoastal Chamic\nEastern Cham: hadang\nHaroi: athɨang\nHighlands Chamic\nJarai: hơ̆dang\nNorthern Chamic\nTsat: lə¹¹ thaːŋ¹¹\n→ Bahnar: hơdang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-mly-pro",
            "2": "*hudaŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *hudaŋ\nIbanic:\nIban: udang, undang, undai, unai\nMualang: unang, undang\nSeberuang: undang\nKendayan: orakng\nMalayan:\nBanjarese: hudang, hundang\nBrunei Malay: udang\nMalay: udang\nIndonesian: udang\nMinangkabau: udang\nPattani Malay: اودٍي (udɛ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูรัก (hurak)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Malayic: *hudaŋ\nIbanic:\nIban: udang, undang, undai, unai\nMualang: unang, undang\nSeberuang: undang\nKendayan: orakng\nMalayan:\nBanjarese: hudang, hundang\nBrunei Malay: udang\nMalay: udang\nIndonesian: udang\nMinangkabau: udang\nPattani Malay: اودٍي (udɛ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูรัก (hurak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sas",
            "2": "udang",
            "3": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Sasak: udang, urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sasak: udang, urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "su",
            "2": "hurang"
          },
          "expansion": "Sundanese: hurang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sundanese: hurang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kaw",
            "2": "hurang"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Javanese: hurang\nJavanese: ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Javanese: hurang\nJavanese: ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-ssw-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-South Sulawesi:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-South Sulawesi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mdr",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Mandar: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mandar: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rob",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Tae': urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tae': urang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*qudaŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*qudaŋ",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
  "lang_code": "poz-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qudaŋ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shrimp; crayfish; lobster"
      ],
      "id": "en-qudaŋ-poz-pro-noun-ACPGKtW9",
      "links": [
        [
          "shrimp",
          "shrimp"
        ],
        [
          "crayfish",
          "crayfish"
        ],
        [
          "lobster",
          "lobster"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/qudaŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qudaŋ"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhs",
            "2": "uran"
          },
          "expansion": "Buru (Indonesia): uran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Buru (Indonesia): uran"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ksx",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Kedang: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kedang: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-oce-pro",
            "2": "*quraŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *quraŋ\nCentral–Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nFijian: ura\nProto-Polynesian: *qura\nNuclear Polynesian:\nEastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: ula\nMangarevan: ura\nSouth Marquesan: uʻa\nRapa Nui: ura\nTahitic:\nMaori: ura, kōura, uraura, kōuraura\nRarotongan: kōura\nTahitian: oura, ‘oura\nWestern Polynesian:\nEllicean–Outlier:\nNukuoro: ula\nTakuu: ura\nTuvaluan: ula\nFutunic:\nPukapukan: ula\nFutuna-Aniwa: ura\nWest Uvean: ula\nSamoic:\nSamoan: ula\nTokelauan: ula\nTongic:\nNiuean: uo\nTongan: uo\nRotuman: ura\nWestern Fijian: ura\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: wúúr\nPohnpeian: uhr\nWoleaian: iur\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nBughotu: ura\nGela: ura\nKwaio: ula\nSouthern Oceanic:\nMota: ura\nVurës: ur\nWestern Oceanic:\nMotu: ura",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Oceanic: *quraŋ\nCentral–Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nFijian: ura\nProto-Polynesian: *qura\nNuclear Polynesian:\nEastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: ula\nMangarevan: ura\nSouth Marquesan: uʻa\nRapa Nui: ura\nTahitic:\nMaori: ura, kōura, uraura, kōuraura\nRarotongan: kōura\nTahitian: oura, ‘oura\nWestern Polynesian:\nEllicean–Outlier:\nNukuoro: ula\nTakuu: ura\nTuvaluan: ula\nFutunic:\nPukapukan: ula\nFutuna-Aniwa: ura\nWest Uvean: ula\nSamoic:\nSamoan: ula\nTokelauan: ula\nTongic:\nNiuean: uo\nTongan: uo\nRotuman: ura\nWestern Fijian: ura\nMicronesian:\nChuukese: wúúr\nPohnpeian: uhr\nWoleaian: iur\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nBughotu: ura\nGela: ura\nKwaio: ula\nSouthern Oceanic:\nMota: ura\nVurës: ur\nWestern Oceanic:\nMotu: ura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-hce-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bzq",
            "2": "ulang"
          },
          "expansion": "Buli (Indonesia): ulang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Buli (Indonesia): ulang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szw",
            "2": "ulen"
          },
          "expansion": "Sawai: ulen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sawai: ulen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Western Malayo-Polynesian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Basap–Greater Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bdb",
            "2": "hudang"
          },
          "expansion": "Basap: hudang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Basap: hudang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Greater Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "duw",
            "2": "undrang"
          },
          "expansion": "Dusun Witu: undrang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dusun Witu: undrang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhy",
            "2": "undrang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ma'anyan: undrang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ma'anyan: undrang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mg",
            "2": "orana"
          },
          "expansion": "Malagasy: orana",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Malagasy: orana"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Mahakam:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tjg",
            "2": "urakng"
          },
          "expansion": "Tunjung: urakng",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tunjung: urakng"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sama-Bajaw:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sml",
            "2": "ulang"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Sama: ulang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Sama: ulang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjm",
            "2": "owang-owang",
            "t": "kind of lobster"
          },
          "expansion": "Mapun: owang-owang (“kind of lobster”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mapun: owang-owang (“kind of lobster”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bdr",
            "2": "odang"
          },
          "expansion": "West Coast Bajau: odang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Coast Bajau: odang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yka",
            "2": "ulang"
          },
          "expansion": "Yakan: ulang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yakan: ulang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Barito:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bkr",
            "2": "undang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bakumpai: undang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bakumpai: undang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nij",
            "2": "undang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ngaju: undang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ngaju: undang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kayanic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bhv",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bahau: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bahau: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kys",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Baram Kayan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Baram Kayan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bfg",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Busang Kayan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Busang Kayan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Land Dayak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Benyadu'–Bekati':"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bei",
            "2": "ndang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bekati': ndang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bekati': ndang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "byd",
            "2": "undang"
          },
          "expansion": "Benyadu': undang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Benyadu': undang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lra",
            "2": "unakng"
          },
          "expansion": "Rara Bakati': unakng",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Rara Bakati': unakng"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Bidayuh–Southern Land Dayak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bth",
            "2": "indaang"
          },
          "expansion": "Biatah Bidayuh: indaang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Biatah Bidayuh: indaang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sdo",
            "2": "andaang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: andaang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: andaang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rir",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ribun: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ribun: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Bornean:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Sarawakan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Melanau:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mel",
            "2": "udeang"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Melanau: udeang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Melanau: udeang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Punan–Müller-Schwaner:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Müller-Schwaner 'Punan':"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pni",
            "2": "orang"
          },
          "expansion": "Aoheng: orang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aoheng: orang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hov",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Hovongan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hovongan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xke",
            "2": "ore"
          },
          "expansion": "Kereho: ore",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kereho: ore"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Punan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bkn",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Bukitan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bukitan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "puj",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Punan Tubu: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Punan Tubu: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "umi",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukit: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukit: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Sarawakan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Dayic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kzi",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Kelabit: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kelabit: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kenyah:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pne",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Western Penan: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Western Penan: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northeast Sabahan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bdg",
            "2": "kulakng"
          },
          "expansion": "Bonggi: kulakng",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bonggi: kulakng"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phi-pro",
            "2": "*qudaŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Philippine: *qudaŋ\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: ulang\nMag-Anchi Ayta: ulang\nGreater Central Philippine:\nCentral Philippine:\nAklanon: ueang\nCebuano: ulang, uwang\nHiligaynon: ulang\nTagalog: ulang, uang, uwang\nTausug: ullang\nDanao:\nIranun: udang\nMaguindanao: udang\nMaranao: odang, olang\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: urang\nNorthern Luzon:\nBatad Ifugao: udang\nCasiguran Dumagat Agta: udang\nCentral Bontoc: udang\nIlocano: udang\nKankanaey: udang\nPangasinan: orang\nSangiric:\nSangir: urang",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Philippine: *qudaŋ\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: ulang\nMag-Anchi Ayta: ulang\nGreater Central Philippine:\nCentral Philippine:\nAklanon: ueang\nCebuano: ulang, uwang\nHiligaynon: ulang\nTagalog: ulang, uang, uwang\nTausug: ullang\nDanao:\nIranun: udang\nMaguindanao: udang\nMaranao: odang, olang\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: urang\nNorthern Luzon:\nBatad Ifugao: udang\nCasiguran Dumagat Agta: udang\nCentral Bontoc: udang\nIlocano: udang\nKankanaey: udang\nPangasinan: orang\nSangiric:\nSangir: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Celebic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "blz",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Balantak: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Balantak: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mnb",
            "2": "ghura"
          },
          "expansion": "Muna: ghura",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Muna: ghura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pmf",
            "2": "ura"
          },
          "expansion": "Pamona: ura",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pamona: ura"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tdj",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Tajio: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tajio: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Moklenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mwt",
            "2": "kodang"
          },
          "expansion": "Moken: kodang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Moken: kodang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Batak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "btx",
            "2": "odang"
          },
          "expansion": "Karo Batak: odang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karo Batak: odang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bbc",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Toba Batak: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Toba Batak: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nia",
            "2": "uro"
          },
          "expansion": "Nias: uro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Nias: uro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "smr",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Simeulue: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Simeulue: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ch",
            "2": "uhang"
          },
          "expansion": "Chamorro: uhang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Chamorro: uhang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-msa-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ban",
            "2": "udang"
          },
          "expansion": "Balinese: udang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Balinese: udang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-mcm-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cmc-pro",
            "2": "*hudaːŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Chamic: *hudaːŋ\nAcehnese: udeueng, udeung\nCoastal Chamic\nEastern Cham: hadang\nHaroi: athɨang\nHighlands Chamic\nJarai: hơ̆dang\nNorthern Chamic\nTsat: lə¹¹ thaːŋ¹¹\n→ Bahnar: hơdang",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Chamic: *hudaːŋ\nAcehnese: udeueng, udeung\nCoastal Chamic\nEastern Cham: hadang\nHaroi: athɨang\nHighlands Chamic\nJarai: hơ̆dang\nNorthern Chamic\nTsat: lə¹¹ thaːŋ¹¹\n→ Bahnar: hơdang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-mly-pro",
            "2": "*hudaŋ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *hudaŋ\nIbanic:\nIban: udang, undang, undai, unai\nMualang: unang, undang\nSeberuang: undang\nKendayan: orakng\nMalayan:\nBanjarese: hudang, hundang\nBrunei Malay: udang\nMalay: udang\nIndonesian: udang\nMinangkabau: udang\nPattani Malay: اودٍي (udɛ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูรัก (hurak)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Malayic: *hudaŋ\nIbanic:\nIban: udang, undang, undai, unai\nMualang: unang, undang\nSeberuang: undang\nKendayan: orakng\nMalayan:\nBanjarese: hudang, hundang\nBrunei Malay: udang\nMalay: udang\nIndonesian: udang\nMinangkabau: udang\nPattani Malay: اودٍي (udɛ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูรัก (hurak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sas",
            "2": "udang",
            "3": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Sasak: udang, urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sasak: udang, urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "su",
            "2": "hurang"
          },
          "expansion": "Sundanese: hurang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sundanese: hurang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kaw",
            "2": "hurang"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Javanese: hurang\nJavanese: ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Javanese: hurang\nJavanese: ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "poz-ssw-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-South Sulawesi:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-South Sulawesi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mdr",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Mandar: urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mandar: urang"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rob",
            "2": "urang"
          },
          "expansion": "Tae': urang",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tae': urang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*qudaŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "poz-pro",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "*qudaŋ",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
  "lang_code": "poz-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qudaŋ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
        "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian nouns",
        "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
        "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shrimp; crayfish; lobster"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shrimp",
          "shrimp"
        ],
        [
          "crayfish",
          "crayfish"
        ],
        [
          "lobster",
          "lobster"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/qudaŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "qudaŋ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for qudaŋ meaning in Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (14.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Malayo-Polynesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.