See turu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "vine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 蔓 (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 蔓 (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 蔓 (tsuru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 蔓 (tsuru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "tsïru"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 蔓 (tsïru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 蔓 (tsïru)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "tsïru"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: 蔓 (tsïru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: 蔓 (tsïru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "chirun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: 蔓 (chirun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: 蔓 (chirun)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "line, string"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 弦 (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 弦 (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "弦",
"t": "bowstring; musical instrument string; metal handle attached to both sides of a pot, under which the pot hangs",
"tr": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 弦 (tsuru, “bowstring; musical instrument string; metal handle attached to both sides of a pot, under which the pot hangs”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 弦 (tsuru, “bowstring; musical instrument string; metal handle attached to both sides of a pot, under which the pot hangs”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "chiru"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 弦 (chiru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 弦 (chiru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "chiru"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: 弦 (chiru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: 弦 (chiru)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "chirun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: 弦 (chirun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: 弦 (chirun)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "vine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The core meaning appears to be vine; line; string as a noun, and to hang down, as a line or string; to form or take the shape of a line or string (both transitive and intransitive) as a verb.\nCognate with *tura (“vine; line, string; line (of things), queue, procession”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/turu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a vine"
],
"id": "en-turu-jpx-pro-noun-kAux2Mkd",
"links": [
[
"vine",
"vine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a line or string"
],
"id": "en-turu-jpx-pro-noun-ulbNPN0Z",
"links": [
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "to hang; to fish"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "釣る",
"3": "吊る",
"tr2": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "釣る",
"3": "吊る",
"tr2": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (tsuru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (tsuru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turi\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nOkinawan: 釣いーん (chīn), 釣ゆん (chiyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 釣 (tsïï)\nYonaguni: 釣るん (chirun)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turi\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nOkinawan: 釣いーん (chīn), 釣ゆん (chiyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 釣 (tsïï)\nYonaguni: 釣るん (chirun)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "to form or take the shape of a line or string"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "連る",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 連る (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 連る (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連れる",
"tr": "tsureru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 連れる (tsureru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 連れる (tsureru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*ture"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ture",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ture"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "連りーるん",
"tr": "chirīrun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: 連りーるん (chirīrun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: 連りーるん (chirīrun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "連るぃるり",
"tr": "tsïrïruri"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 連るぃるり (tsïrïruri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 連るぃるり (tsïrïruri)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "連りゆん",
"tr": "tsiriyun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 連りゆん (tsiriyun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 連りゆん (tsiriyun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "連りゅん",
"tr": "chiryun"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: 連りゅん (chiryun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: 連りゅん (chiryun)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "vine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The core meaning appears to be vine; line; string as a noun, and to hang down, as a line or string; to form or take the shape of a line or string (both transitive and intransitive) as a verb.\nCognate with *tura (“vine; line, string; line (of things), queue, procession”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "1 *turi",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "2 *turay",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "verb",
"3": "infinitive 1",
"4": "*turi",
"5": "infinitive 2",
"6": "*turay"
},
"expansion": "*turu (infinitive 1 *turi, infinitive 2 *turay)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/turu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hang down, as a line or string"
],
"id": "en-turu-jpx-pro-verb-H-5-k-2v",
"links": [
[
"hang",
"hang"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to form or take the shape of a line or string"
],
"id": "en-turu-jpx-pro-verb-FJ5JU8en",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to fish"
],
"id": "en-turu-jpx-pro-verb-pC7C3yUI",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "鶴",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 鶴 (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 鶴 (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "鶴",
"tr": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 鶴 (tsuru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 鶴 (tsuru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turu",
"id": "crane",
"pos": "tone class A"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu (tone class A)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 鶴 (turu)\nKunigami: 鶴 (chirū /tɕìɾúː/)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tsïru)\nOkinawan: 鶴 (tsiru /tsíɾù/)\nOkinoerabu: 鶴 (tsuru /tsùɾú/)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tïru /tɨ̀ɾû/)\n⇒ Tokunoshima: 鶴ん鳥 (tsïruntui) (< *turu-n-tui)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 鶴 (churu)\nYaeyama: 鶴 (tsïru /tsɨ́ɾù/)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 鶴鳩 (chiru-hatu /tɕìɾû.hàtù/) (< *turu-pato)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu (tone class A)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 鶴 (turu)\nKunigami: 鶴 (chirū /tɕìɾúː/)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tsïru)\nOkinawan: 鶴 (tsiru /tsíɾù/)\nOkinoerabu: 鶴 (tsuru /tsùɾú/)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tïru /tɨ̀ɾû/)\n⇒ Tokunoshima: 鶴ん鳥 (tsïruntui) (< *turu-n-tui)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 鶴 (churu)\nYaeyama: 鶴 (tsïru /tsɨ́ɾù/)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 鶴鳩 (chiru-hatu /tɕìɾû.hàtù/) (< *turu-pato)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "crane"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "두루미",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Korean 두루미 (durumi, “crane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*turunya",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *turunya (“crane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "turna"
},
"expansion": "Turkish turna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "тогоруу",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian тогоруу (togoruu, “crane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "daru",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian daru (“crane”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears to be distinct from *turu meaning vine; line; string; to hang.\nVovin (2008) considers it possibly related to an ancestor of Korean 두루미 (durumi, “crane”), with a Pre-Proto-Japonic root-final -m vanishing later, leaving only a Kansai accent pattern behind (see pronunciation section below). May ultimately be a regional Wanderwort. Compare also Proto-Turkic *turunya (“crane”) (whence Turkish turna), Mongolian тогоруу (togoruu, “crane”), Hungarian daru (“crane”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/turu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 9 7 28 2 3 29 2 3 3 5 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 69 8 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 71 7 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a crane (large, long-legged and long-necked bird of the family Gruidae)"
],
"id": "en-turu-jpx-pro-noun-mlS-MDz-",
"links": [
[
"crane",
"crane"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"legged",
"legged#English"
],
[
"necked",
"necked#English"
],
[
"bird",
"bird#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
],
[
"Gruidae",
"Gruidae#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Japonic lemmas",
"Proto-Japonic nouns",
"Proto-Japonic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "vine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 蔓 (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 蔓 (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 蔓 (tsuru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 蔓 (tsuru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "tsïru"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 蔓 (tsïru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 蔓 (tsïru)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "tsïru"
},
"expansion": "Miyako: 蔓 (tsïru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Miyako: 蔓 (tsïru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "蔓",
"tr": "chirun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: 蔓 (chirun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: 蔓 (chirun)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "line, string"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 弦 (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 弦 (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "弦",
"t": "bowstring; musical instrument string; metal handle attached to both sides of a pot, under which the pot hangs",
"tr": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 弦 (tsuru, “bowstring; musical instrument string; metal handle attached to both sides of a pot, under which the pot hangs”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 弦 (tsuru, “bowstring; musical instrument string; metal handle attached to both sides of a pot, under which the pot hangs”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "chiru"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 弦 (chiru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 弦 (chiru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "okn",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "chiru"
},
"expansion": "Okinoerabu: 弦 (chiru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinoerabu: 弦 (chiru)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yoi",
"2": "弦",
"tr": "chirun"
},
"expansion": "Yonaguni: 弦 (chirun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yonaguni: 弦 (chirun)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "vine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The core meaning appears to be vine; line; string as a noun, and to hang down, as a line or string; to form or take the shape of a line or string (both transitive and intransitive) as a verb.\nCognate with *tura (“vine; line, string; line (of things), queue, procession”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/turu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a vine"
],
"links": [
[
"vine",
"vine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a line or string"
],
"links": [
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Japonic lemmas",
"Proto-Japonic nouns",
"Proto-Japonic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "to hang; to fish"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "釣る",
"3": "吊る",
"tr2": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "釣る",
"3": "吊る",
"tr2": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (tsuru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 釣る, 吊る (tsuru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turi\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nOkinawan: 釣いーん (chīn), 釣ゆん (chiyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 釣 (tsïï)\nYonaguni: 釣るん (chirun)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turi\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nOkinawan: 釣いーん (chīn), 釣ゆん (chiyun)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 釣 (tsïï)\nYonaguni: 釣るん (chirun)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "to form or take the shape of a line or string"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "連る",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 連る (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 連る (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連れる",
"tr": "tsureru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 連れる (tsureru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 連れる (tsureru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*ture"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ture",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *ture"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Ryukyuan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xug",
"2": "連りーるん",
"tr": "chirīrun"
},
"expansion": "Kunigami: 連りーるん (chirīrun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kunigami: 連りーるん (chirīrun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryn",
"2": "連るぃるり",
"tr": "tsïrïruri"
},
"expansion": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 連るぃるり (tsïrïruri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Amami Ōshima: 連るぃるり (tsïrïruri)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "連りゆん",
"tr": "tsiriyun"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan: 連りゆん (tsiriyun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Okinawan: 連りゆん (tsiriyun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yox",
"2": "連りゅん",
"tr": "chiryun"
},
"expansion": "Yoron: 連りゅん (chiryun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoron: 連りゅん (chiryun)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "vine"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The core meaning appears to be vine; line; string as a noun, and to hang down, as a line or string; to form or take the shape of a line or string (both transitive and intransitive) as a verb.\nCognate with *tura (“vine; line, string; line (of things), queue, procession”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "1 *turi",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "2 *turay",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "verb",
"3": "infinitive 1",
"4": "*turi",
"5": "infinitive 2",
"6": "*turay"
},
"expansion": "*turu (infinitive 1 *turi, infinitive 2 *turay)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/turu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hang down, as a line or string"
],
"links": [
[
"hang",
"hang"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to form or take the shape of a line or string"
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to fish"
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Japonic lemmas",
"Proto-Japonic nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "鶴",
"tr": "turu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 鶴 (turu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 鶴 (turu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "鶴",
"tr": "tsuru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 鶴 (tsuru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 鶴 (tsuru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*turu",
"id": "crane",
"pos": "tone class A"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu (tone class A)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 鶴 (turu)\nKunigami: 鶴 (chirū /tɕìɾúː/)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tsïru)\nOkinawan: 鶴 (tsiru /tsíɾù/)\nOkinoerabu: 鶴 (tsuru /tsùɾú/)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tïru /tɨ̀ɾû/)\n⇒ Tokunoshima: 鶴ん鳥 (tsïruntui) (< *turu-n-tui)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 鶴 (churu)\nYaeyama: 鶴 (tsïru /tsɨ́ɾù/)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 鶴鳩 (chiru-hatu /tɕìɾû.hàtù/) (< *turu-pato)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu (tone class A)\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 鶴 (turu)\nKunigami: 鶴 (chirū /tɕìɾúː/)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tsïru)\nOkinawan: 鶴 (tsiru /tsíɾù/)\nOkinoerabu: 鶴 (tsuru /tsùɾú/)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tïru /tɨ̀ɾû/)\n⇒ Tokunoshima: 鶴ん鳥 (tsïruntui) (< *turu-n-tui)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 鶴 (churu)\nYaeyama: 鶴 (tsïru /tsɨ́ɾù/)\n⇒ Yonaguni: 鶴鳩 (chiru-hatu /tɕìɾû.hàtù/) (< *turu-pato)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "crane"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "두루미",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Korean 두루미 (durumi, “crane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*turunya",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *turunya (“crane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "turna"
},
"expansion": "Turkish turna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "тогоруу",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian тогоруу (togoruu, “crane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "daru",
"3": "",
"4": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian daru (“crane”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears to be distinct from *turu meaning vine; line; string; to hang.\nVovin (2008) considers it possibly related to an ancestor of Korean 두루미 (durumi, “crane”), with a Pre-Proto-Japonic root-final -m vanishing later, leaving only a Kansai accent pattern behind (see pronunciation section below). May ultimately be a regional Wanderwort. Compare also Proto-Turkic *turunya (“crane”) (whence Turkish turna), Mongolian тогоруу (togoruu, “crane”), Hungarian daru (“crane”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/turu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a crane (large, long-legged and long-necked bird of the family Gruidae)"
],
"links": [
[
"crane",
"crane"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"legged",
"legged#English"
],
[
"necked",
"necked#English"
],
[
"bird",
"bird#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
],
[
"Gruidae",
"Gruidae#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for turu meaning in Proto-Japonic (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Japonic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.