See spondeō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for spondeō meaning in Proto-Italic (9.4kB)
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "spondeō" }, "expansion": "Latin: spondeō", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin: spondeō" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "osc", "2": "spentud" }, "expansion": "Oscan: spentud", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Oscan: spentud" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xum", "2": "spefa" }, "expansion": "Umbrian: spefa", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Umbrian: spefa" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spend-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spondéyeti" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier *spondejō, Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, causative verb from *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”).", "forms": [ { "form": "spondeō first-singular present indicative", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "conjugation-2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "itc-conj-2nd-caus", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "spondeō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondeōr", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēzo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēt", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondētor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondēmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "spondēmor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "spondētes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spondēm(e?)n", "roman": "ai?", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeont", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeontor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeām", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeār", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeās", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeāzo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeād", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeātor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeāmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeāmor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeātes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeām(e?)n", "roman": "ai?", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeānd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeāntor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spepondai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spepondistai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "speponde", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "speponded", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spepondomos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "spepondistes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spepondēri", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēzo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "passive", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēte", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "passive", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "future", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spondētōd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "future", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "spondēnts", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "present" ] }, { "form": "sponssos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "past" ] }, { "form": "sponssum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "tu-derivative" ] }, { "form": "spondēzi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "s-derivative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "verb", "gloss": "first-singular present indicative", "head": "", "head2": "", "head3": "", "head4": "" }, "expansion": "*spondeō first-singular present indicative", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "spond", "2": "spepond", "3": "sponss" }, "name": "itc-conj-2nd-caus" }, { "args": { "desc": "second conjugation causative", "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondētōd", "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos", "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos", "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai", "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes", "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai", "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri", "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)", "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*spondēte", "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondē", "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos", "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō", "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes", "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs", "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont", "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt", "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts", "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos", "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām", "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes", "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās", "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd", "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād", "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor", "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr", "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor", "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor", "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor", "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār", "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo", "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor", "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor", "s_vn": "*spondēzi", "tu_vn": "*sponssum", "type": "" }, "name": "itc-conj-base" }, { "args": { "desc": "second conjugation causative", "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondētōd", "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos", "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos", "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai", "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes", "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai", "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri", "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)", "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondē", "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondēte", "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos", "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō", "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes", "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs", "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont", "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt", "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts", "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos", "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām", "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes", "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās", "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd", "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād", "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "", "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor", "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr", "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor", "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor", "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor", "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār", "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo", "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor", "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor", "s_vn": "*spondēzi", "tu_vn": "*sponssum" }, "name": "itc-conj-base/core" } ], "lang": "Proto-Italic", "lang_code": "itc-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/spondeō", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "to promise, pledge" ], "id": "en-spondeō-itc-pro-verb-pQg55ybw", "links": [ [ "promise", "promise#Verb" ], [ "pledge", "pledge#Verb" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "spondeō" }
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "spondeō" }, "expansion": "Latin: spondeō", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latin: spondeō" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "osc", "2": "spentud" }, "expansion": "Oscan: spentud", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Oscan: spentud" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xum", "2": "spefa" }, "expansion": "Umbrian: spefa", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Umbrian: spefa" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spend-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*spondéyeti" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From earlier *spondejō, Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, causative verb from *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”).", "forms": [ { "form": "spondeō first-singular present indicative", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "conjugation-2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "itc-conj-2nd-caus", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "spondeō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondeōr", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēzo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēt", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondētor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondēmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "spondēmor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "spondētes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spondēm(e?)n", "roman": "ai?", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeont", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeontor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeām", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeār", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeās", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeāzo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeād", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeātor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeāmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeāmor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeātes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeām(e?)n", "roman": "ai?", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "spondeānd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondeāntor", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spepondai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spepondistai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "speponde", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "speponded", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spepondomos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "spepondistes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spepondēri", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "spondē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēzo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "passive", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "spondēte", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "passive", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "future", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "spondētōd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "future", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "spondēnts", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "present" ] }, { "form": "sponssos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "past" ] }, { "form": "sponssum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "tu-derivative" ] }, { "form": "spondēzi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "s-derivative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "verb", "gloss": "first-singular present indicative", "head": "", "head2": "", "head3": "", "head4": "" }, "expansion": "*spondeō first-singular present indicative", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "spond", "2": "spepond", "3": "sponss" }, "name": "itc-conj-2nd-caus" }, { "args": { "desc": "second conjugation causative", "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondētōd", "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos", "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos", "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai", "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes", "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai", "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri", "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)", "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*spondēte", "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondē", "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos", "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō", "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes", "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs", "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont", "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt", "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts", "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos", "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām", "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes", "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās", "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd", "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād", "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor", "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr", "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor", "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor", "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor", "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār", "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo", "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor", "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor", "s_vn": "*spondēzi", "tu_vn": "*sponssum", "type": "" }, "name": "itc-conj-base" }, { "args": { "desc": "second conjugation causative", "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondētōd", "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos", "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos", "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai", "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes", "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai", "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri", "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)", "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondē", "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondēte", "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos", "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō", "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes", "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs", "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont", "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt", "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts", "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos", "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām", "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes", "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās", "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd", "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād", "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "", "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor", "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr", "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo", "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor", "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor", "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor", "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār", "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)", "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo", "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor", "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor", "s_vn": "*spondēzi", "tu_vn": "*sponssum" }, "name": "itc-conj-base/core" } ], "lang": "Proto-Italic", "lang_code": "itc-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/spondeō", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Italic lemmas", "Proto-Italic second conjugation verbs", "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spend-", "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Italic verbs" ], "glosses": [ "to promise, pledge" ], "links": [ [ "promise", "promise#Verb" ], [ "pledge", "pledge#Verb" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "spondeō" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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