"spondeō" meaning in Proto-Italic

See spondeō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From earlier *spondejō, Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, causative verb from *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”). Etymology templates: {{root|itc-pro|ine-pro|*spend-}}, {{inh|itc-pro|ine-pro|*spondéyeti}} Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, {{m|ine-pro|*spend-||to perform a rite, make an offering}} *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”) Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|verb|gloss=first-singular present indicative|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=}} *spondeō first-singular present indicative Inflection templates: {{itc-conj-2nd-caus|spond|spepond|sponss}}, {{itc-conj-base|desc=second conjugation causative|futr_actv_impr_2sg=*spondētōd|past_pasv_ptcp=*sponssos|perf_indc_1pl=*spepondomos|perf_indc_1sg=*spepondai|perf_indc_2pl=*spepondistes|perf_indc_2sg=*spepondistai|perf_indc_3pl=*spepondēri|perf_indc_3sg=*speponde(d)|pres_actv_impr_2pl=*spondēte|pres_actv_impr_2sg=*spondē|pres_actv_indc_1pl=*spondēmos|pres_actv_indc_1sg=*spondeō|pres_actv_indc_2pl=*spondētes|pres_actv_indc_2sg=*spondēs|pres_actv_indc_3pl=*spondeont|pres_actv_indc_3sg=*spondēt|pres_actv_ptcp=*spondēnts|pres_actv_subj_1pl=*spondeāmos|pres_actv_subj_1sg=*spondeām|pres_actv_subj_2pl=*spondeātes|pres_actv_subj_2sg=*spondeās|pres_actv_subj_3pl=*spondeānd|pres_actv_subj_3sg=*spondeād|pres_pasv_impr_2sg=*spondēzo|pres_pasv_indc_1pl=*spondēmor|pres_pasv_indc_1sg=*spondeōr|pres_pasv_indc_2pl=*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_indc_2sg=*spondēzo|pres_pasv_indc_3pl=*spondeontor|pres_pasv_indc_3sg=*spondētor|pres_pasv_subj_1pl=*spondeāmor|pres_pasv_subj_1sg=*spondeār|pres_pasv_subj_2pl=*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_subj_2sg=*spondeāzo|pres_pasv_subj_3pl=*spondeāntor|pres_pasv_subj_3sg=*spondeātor|s_vn=*spondēzi|tu_vn=*sponssum|type=}}, {{itc-conj-base/core|desc=second conjugation causative|futr_actv_impr_1sg=*spondētōd|past_pasv_ptcp=*sponssos|perf_indc_1pl=*spepondomos|perf_indc_1sg=*spepondai|perf_indc_2pl=*spepondistes|perf_indc_2sg=*spepondistai|perf_indc_3pl=*spepondēri|perf_indc_3sg=*speponde(d)|pres_actv_impr_1sg=*spondē|pres_actv_impr_2sg=*spondēte|pres_actv_indc_1pl=*spondēmos|pres_actv_indc_1sg=*spondeō|pres_actv_indc_2pl=*spondētes|pres_actv_indc_2sg=*spondēs|pres_actv_indc_3pl=*spondeont|pres_actv_indc_3sg=*spondēt|pres_actv_ptcp=*spondēnts|pres_actv_subj_1pl=*spondeāmos|pres_actv_subj_1sg=*spondeām|pres_actv_subj_2pl=*spondeātes|pres_actv_subj_2sg=*spondeās|pres_actv_subj_3pl=*spondeānd|pres_actv_subj_3sg=*spondeād|pres_pasv_impr_1sg=*spondēzo|pres_pasv_impr_2sg=|pres_pasv_indc_1pl=*spondēmor|pres_pasv_indc_1sg=*spondeōr|pres_pasv_indc_2pl=*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_indc_2sg=*spondēzo|pres_pasv_indc_3pl=*spondeontor|pres_pasv_indc_3sg=*spondētor|pres_pasv_subj_1pl=*spondeāmor|pres_pasv_subj_1sg=*spondeār|pres_pasv_subj_2pl=*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_subj_2sg=*spondeāzo|pres_pasv_subj_3pl=*spondeāntor|pres_pasv_subj_3sg=*spondeātor|s_vn=*spondēzi|tu_vn=*sponssum}} Forms: spondeō first-singular present indicative [canonical], conjugation-2 [table-tags], spondeō [active, first-person, indicative, present, singular], spondeōr [first-person, indicative, passive, present, singular], spondēs [active, indicative, present, second-person, singular], spondēzo [indicative, passive, present, second-person, singular], spondēt [active, indicative, present, singular, third-person], spondētor [indicative, passive, present, singular, third-person], spondēmos [active, first-person, indicative, plural, present], spondēmor [first-person, indicative, passive, plural, present], spondētes [active, indicative, plural, present, second-person], spondēm(e?)n [indicative, passive, plural, present, second-person], spondeont [active, indicative, plural, present, third-person], spondeontor [indicative, passive, plural, present, third-person], spondeām [active, first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], spondeār [first-person, passive, present, singular, subjunctive], spondeās [active, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], spondeāzo [passive, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], spondeād [active, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], spondeātor [passive, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], spondeāmos [active, first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], spondeāmor [first-person, passive, plural, present, subjunctive], spondeātes [active, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], spondeām(e?)n [passive, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], spondeānd [active, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], spondeāntor [passive, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], spepondai [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, singular], spepondistai [active, indicative, perfect, second-person, singular], speponde [active, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], speponded [active, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], spepondomos [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, plural], spepondistes [active, indicative, perfect, plural, second-person], spepondēri [active, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], spondē [active, imperative, present, second-person, singular], spondēzo [imperative, passive, present, second-person, singular], spondēte [active, imperative, plural, present, second-person], - [imperative, passive, plural, present, second-person], 2nd + 3rd sing. [future, imperative, plural, second-person], spondētōd [active, future, imperative], spondēnts [present], sponssos [past], sponssum [tu-derivative], spondēzi [s-derivative]
  1. to promise, pledge Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-spondeō-itc-pro-verb-pQg55ybw Categories (other): Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for spondeō meaning in Proto-Italic (9.6kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "spondeō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: spondeō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: spondeō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osc",
            "2": "spentud"
          },
          "expansion": "Oscan: spentud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Oscan: spentud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "spefa"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: spefa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: spefa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spend-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spondéyeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*spend-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to perform a rite, make an offering"
      },
      "expansion": "*spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *spondejō, Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, causative verb from *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spondeō first-singular present indicative",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-conj-2nd-caus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondētor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēm(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeont",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeontor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeām",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeār",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeād",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeātor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeātes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeām(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeānd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāntor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondistai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speponde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speponded",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondomos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondistes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondēri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondētōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēnts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sponssos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sponssum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "tu-derivative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēzi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "s-derivative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*spondeō first-singular present indicative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spond",
        "2": "spepond",
        "3": "sponss"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-2nd-caus"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation causative",
        "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*spondēte",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondē",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor",
        "s_vn": "*spondēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*sponssum",
        "type": ""
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation causative",
        "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondē",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondēte",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor",
        "s_vn": "*spondēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*sponssum"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base/core"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/spondeō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to promise, pledge"
      ],
      "id": "en-spondeō-itc-pro-verb-pQg55ybw",
      "links": [
        [
          "promise",
          "promise#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pledge",
          "pledge#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "spondeō"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "spondeō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: spondeō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: spondeō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osc",
            "2": "spentud"
          },
          "expansion": "Oscan: spentud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Oscan: spentud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "spefa"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: spefa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: spefa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spend-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spondéyeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*spend-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to perform a rite, make an offering"
      },
      "expansion": "*spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *spondejō, Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, causative verb from *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spondeō first-singular present indicative",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-conj-2nd-caus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondētor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēm(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeont",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeontor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeām",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeār",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeād",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeātor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeātes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeām(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeānd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondeāntor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondistai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speponde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speponded",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondomos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondistes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spepondēri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondētōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēnts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sponssos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sponssum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "tu-derivative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spondēzi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "s-derivative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*spondeō first-singular present indicative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spond",
        "2": "spepond",
        "3": "sponss"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-2nd-caus"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation causative",
        "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*spondēte",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondē",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor",
        "s_vn": "*spondēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*sponssum",
        "type": ""
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation causative",
        "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*sponssos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*spepondomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*spepondai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*spepondistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*spepondistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*spepondēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*speponde(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*spondē",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*spondēte",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*spondeō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*spondētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*spondēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*spondeont",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*spondēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*spondēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*spondeām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*spondeātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*spondeās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*spondeānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*spondeād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*spondēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*spondeōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*spondēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*spondēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*spondeontor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*spondētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*spondeāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*spondeār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*spondeām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*spondeāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*spondeāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*spondeātor",
        "s_vn": "*spondēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*sponssum"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base/core"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/spondeō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Italic lemmas",
        "Proto-Italic second conjugation verbs",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spend-",
        "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Italic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to promise, pledge"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "promise",
          "promise#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pledge",
          "pledge#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "spondeō"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.