"petkāō" meaning in Proto-Italic

See petkāō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”), a formation of *ped- (“foot; to walk”) + *-ko- (“suffix denoting faults”), analogous to Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”) and caecus (“blind”). However, no allusions to the concept of feet are found in the Italic word's descendants, and secondary connotations of "to make a faux pas" are figuratively better explained with an Italic word for "walking" (such as Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”)) than with *ped-, which does not denote "walking" in Italic. Leumann, in contrast, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”), from *pet- (“to fall”). This is semantically more tenable, though the addition of *-ko- is rather odd. Etymology templates: {{der|itc-pro|ine-pro||*ped-ko-|t=having a fault at the root}} Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”), {{noncog|la|mancus|lit=having a fault in the hand|t=maimed}} Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”), {{noncog|la|ambulō|t=to traverse, walk}} Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”), {{der|itc-pro|ine-pro||*pet-ko-|t=a fall, error}} Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”) Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|verb|gloss=first-singular present indicative|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=}} *petkāō first-singular present indicative Inflection templates: {{itc-conj-1st|petk}}, {{itc-conj-base|desc=first conjugation|futr_actv_impr_2sg=*petkātōd|past_pasv_ptcp=*petkātos|pres_actv_impr_2pl=*petkāte|pres_actv_impr_2sg=*petkā|pres_actv_indc_1pl=*petkāmos|pres_actv_indc_1sg=*petkāō|pres_actv_indc_2pl=*petkātes|pres_actv_indc_2sg=*petkās|pres_actv_indc_3pl=*petkānt|pres_actv_indc_3sg=*petkāt|pres_actv_ptcp=*petkānts|pres_actv_subj_1pl=*petkāēmos?|pres_actv_subj_1sg=*petkāēm?|pres_actv_subj_2pl=*petkāētes?|pres_actv_subj_2sg=*petkāēs?|pres_actv_subj_3pl=*petkāēnd?|pres_actv_subj_3sg=*petkāēd?|pres_pasv_impr_2sg=*petkāzo|pres_pasv_indc_1pl=*petkāmor|pres_pasv_indc_1sg=*petkāōr|pres_pasv_indc_2pl=*petkām(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_indc_2sg=*petkāzo|pres_pasv_indc_3pl=*petkāntor|pres_pasv_indc_3sg=*petkātor|pres_pasv_subj_1pl=*petkāēmor?|pres_pasv_subj_1sg=*petkāēr?|pres_pasv_subj_2pl=*petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?|pres_pasv_subj_2sg=*petkāēzo?|pres_pasv_subj_3pl=*petkāēntor?|pres_pasv_subj_3sg=*petkāētor?|s_vn=*petkāzi|tu_vn=*petkātum|type=}}, {{itc-conj-base/core|aor_indc_1pl=|aor_indc_1sg=|aor_indc_2pl=|aor_indc_2sg=|aor_indc_3pl=|aor_indc_3sg=|desc=first conjugation|futr_actv_impr_1sg=*petkātōd|past_pasv_ptcp=*petkātos|perf_indc_1pl=|perf_indc_1sg=|perf_indc_2pl=|perf_indc_2sg=|perf_indc_3pl=|perf_indc_3sg=|pres_actv_impr_1sg=*petkā|pres_actv_impr_2sg=*petkāte|pres_actv_indc_1pl=*petkāmos|pres_actv_indc_1sg=*petkāō|pres_actv_indc_2pl=*petkātes|pres_actv_indc_2sg=*petkās|pres_actv_indc_3pl=*petkānt|pres_actv_indc_3sg=*petkāt|pres_actv_ptcp=*petkānts|pres_actv_subj_1pl=*petkāēmos?|pres_actv_subj_1sg=*petkāēm?|pres_actv_subj_2pl=*petkāētes?|pres_actv_subj_2sg=*petkāēs?|pres_actv_subj_3pl=*petkāēnd?|pres_actv_subj_3sg=*petkāēd?|pres_pasv_impr_1sg=*petkāzo|pres_pasv_impr_2sg=|pres_pasv_indc_1pl=*petkāmor|pres_pasv_indc_1sg=*petkāōr|pres_pasv_indc_2pl=*petkām(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_indc_2sg=*petkāzo|pres_pasv_indc_3pl=*petkāntor|pres_pasv_indc_3sg=*petkātor|pres_pasv_subj_1pl=*petkāēmor?|pres_pasv_subj_1sg=*petkāēr?|pres_pasv_subj_2pl=*petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?|pres_pasv_subj_2sg=*petkāēzo?|pres_pasv_subj_3pl=*petkāēntor?|pres_pasv_subj_3sg=*petkāētor?|s_vn=*petkāzi|tu_vn=*petkātum}} Forms: petkāō first-singular present indicative [canonical], conjugation-1 [table-tags], petkāō [active, first-person, indicative, present, singular], petkāōr [first-person, indicative, passive, present, singular], petkās [active, indicative, present, second-person, singular], petkāzo [indicative, passive, present, second-person, singular], petkāt [active, indicative, present, singular, third-person], petkātor [indicative, passive, present, singular, third-person], petkāmos [active, first-person, indicative, plural, present], petkāmor [first-person, indicative, passive, plural, present], petkātes [active, indicative, plural, present, second-person], petkām(e?)n [indicative, passive, plural, present, second-person], petkānt [active, indicative, plural, present, third-person], petkāntor [indicative, passive, plural, present, third-person], petkāēm? [active, first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], petkāēr? [first-person, passive, present, singular, subjunctive], petkāēs? [active, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], petkāēzo? [passive, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], petkāēd? [active, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], petkāētor? [passive, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], petkāēmos? [active, first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], petkāēmor? [first-person, passive, plural, present, subjunctive], petkāētes? [active, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)? [passive, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], petkāēnd? [active, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], petkāēntor? [passive, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], - [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, singular], - [active, indicative, perfect, second-person, singular], - [active, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], - [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, plural], - [active, indicative, perfect, plural, second-person], - [active, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], petkā [active, imperative, present, second-person, singular], petkāzo [imperative, passive, present, second-person, singular], petkāte [active, imperative, plural, present, second-person], - [imperative, passive, plural, present, second-person], 2nd + 3rd sing. [future, imperative, plural, second-person], petkātōd [active, future, imperative], petkānts [present], petkātos [past], petkātum [tu-derivative], petkāzi [s-derivative]
  1. to sin Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-petkāō-itc-pro-verb-MW-VHaVR Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pecco"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pecco",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: pecco"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "pesetom"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: pesetom",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: pesetom (participle perfect)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ped-ko-",
        "t": "having a fault at the root"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mancus",
        "lit": "having a fault in the hand",
        "t": "maimed"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ambulō",
        "t": "to traverse, walk"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*pet-ko-",
        "t": "a fall, error"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”), a formation of *ped- (“foot; to walk”) + *-ko- (“suffix denoting faults”), analogous to Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”) and caecus (“blind”). However, no allusions to the concept of feet are found in the Italic word's descendants, and secondary connotations of \"to make a faux pas\" are figuratively better explained with an Italic word for \"walking\" (such as Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”)) than with *ped-, which does not denote \"walking\" in Italic.\nLeumann, in contrast, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”), from *pet- (“to fall”). This is semantically more tenable, though the addition of *-ko- is rather odd.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "petkāō first-singular present indicative",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-conj-1st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāōr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāzo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāmos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāmor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkām(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkānt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāntor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēm?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēr?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēs?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēzo?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēd?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāētor?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēmos?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēmor?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāētes?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēnd?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēntor?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkā",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāzo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātōd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkānts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "tu-derivative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāzi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "s-derivative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*petkāō first-singular present indicative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "petk"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-1st"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "first conjugation",
        "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*petkātōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*petkātos",
        "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*petkāte",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*petkā",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*petkāō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*petkātes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*petkās",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*petkānt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*petkāt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*petkānts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmos?",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēm?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*petkāētes?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēs?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēnd?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*petkāēd?",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*petkāōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*petkām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*petkāntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*petkātor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēr?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēzo?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēntor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*petkāētor?",
        "s_vn": "*petkāzi",
        "tu_vn": "*petkātum",
        "type": ""
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aor_indc_1pl": "",
        "aor_indc_1sg": "",
        "aor_indc_2pl": "",
        "aor_indc_2sg": "",
        "aor_indc_3pl": "",
        "aor_indc_3sg": "",
        "desc": "first conjugation",
        "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*petkātōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*petkātos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "",
        "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*petkā",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*petkāte",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*petkāō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*petkātes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*petkās",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*petkānt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*petkāt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*petkānts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmos?",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēm?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*petkāētes?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēs?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēnd?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*petkāēd?",
        "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*petkāōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*petkām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*petkāntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*petkātor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēr?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēzo?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēntor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*petkāētor?",
        "s_vn": "*petkāzi",
        "tu_vn": "*petkātum"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base/core"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/petkāō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sin"
      ],
      "id": "en-petkāō-itc-pro-verb-MW-VHaVR",
      "links": [
        [
          "sin",
          "sin#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "petkāō"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pecco"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pecco",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: pecco"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "pesetom"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: pesetom",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: pesetom (participle perfect)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ped-ko-",
        "t": "having a fault at the root"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "mancus",
        "lit": "having a fault in the hand",
        "t": "maimed"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ambulō",
        "t": "to traverse, walk"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*pet-ko-",
        "t": "a fall, error"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”), a formation of *ped- (“foot; to walk”) + *-ko- (“suffix denoting faults”), analogous to Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”) and caecus (“blind”). However, no allusions to the concept of feet are found in the Italic word's descendants, and secondary connotations of \"to make a faux pas\" are figuratively better explained with an Italic word for \"walking\" (such as Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”)) than with *ped-, which does not denote \"walking\" in Italic.\nLeumann, in contrast, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”), from *pet- (“to fall”). This is semantically more tenable, though the addition of *-ko- is rather odd.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "petkāō first-singular present indicative",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-conj-1st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāōr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkās",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāzo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāmos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāmor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkām(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkānt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāntor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēm?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēr?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēs?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēzo?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēd?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāētor?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēmos?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēmor?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāētes?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēnd?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāēntor?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkā",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāzo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātōd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkānts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātos",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkātum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "tu-derivative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "petkāzi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "s-derivative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*petkāō first-singular present indicative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "petk"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-1st"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "first conjugation",
        "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*petkātōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*petkātos",
        "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*petkāte",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*petkā",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*petkāō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*petkātes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*petkās",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*petkānt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*petkāt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*petkānts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmos?",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēm?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*petkāētes?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēs?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēnd?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*petkāēd?",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*petkāōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*petkām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*petkāntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*petkātor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēr?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēzo?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēntor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*petkāētor?",
        "s_vn": "*petkāzi",
        "tu_vn": "*petkātum",
        "type": ""
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aor_indc_1pl": "",
        "aor_indc_1sg": "",
        "aor_indc_2pl": "",
        "aor_indc_2sg": "",
        "aor_indc_3pl": "",
        "aor_indc_3sg": "",
        "desc": "first conjugation",
        "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*petkātōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*petkātos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "",
        "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*petkā",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*petkāte",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*petkāō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*petkātes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*petkās",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*petkānt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*petkāt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*petkānts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmos?",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēm?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*petkāētes?",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēs?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēnd?",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*petkāēd?",
        "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*petkāmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*petkāōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*petkām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*petkāzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*petkāntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*petkātor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*petkāēmor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*petkāēr?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*petkāēzo?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*petkāēntor?",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*petkāētor?",
        "s_vn": "*petkāzi",
        "tu_vn": "*petkātum"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base/core"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/petkāō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Italic first conjugation verbs",
        "Proto-Italic lemmas",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Italic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sin",
          "sin#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "petkāō"
}

Download raw JSONL data for petkāō meaning in Proto-Italic (10.0kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.